Prediction of prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy using a fused machine learning approach: Utilizing radiomics from pretreatment T2W MRI images with clinical and pathological information.

The risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (PCa) varies widely within standard risk groups. There is a need for low-cost tools to more robustly predict recurrence and personalize therapy. Radiomic features from pretreatment MRI show potential as noninvasive biomarkers for BCR prediction.

Comparison of Positive Predictive Values of Biparametric MRI and Multiparametric MRI-directed Transrectal US-guided Targeted Prostate Biopsy.

Background Biparametric MRI (bpMRI) of the prostate is an alternative to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), with lower cost and increased accessibility. Studies investigating the positive predictive value (PPV) of bpMRI-directed compared with mpMRI-directed targeted biopsy are lacking in the literature. Purpose To compare the PPVs of bpMRI-directed and mpMRI-directed targeted prostate biopsies.

PRECISE Version 2: Updated Recommendations for Reporting Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations standardise the reporting of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. An international consensus group recently updated these recommendations and identified the areas of uncertainty.

Methods: A panel of 38 experts used the formal RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method consensus methodology.

Machine learning based prediction of image quality in prostate MRI using rapid localizer images.

Purpose: Diagnostic performance of prostate MRI depends on high-quality imaging. Prostate MRI quality is inversely proportional to the amount of rectal gas and distention. Early detection of poor-quality MRI may enable intervention to remove gas or exam rescheduling, saving time.

Targeted Prostate Biopsies-What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

The emergence of multiparametric MR imaging has enabled a more reliable targeted approach to diagnosis of prostate cancer. Targeted biopsies are central to the MR imaging-dependent pathway to prostate cancer diagnosis and potentially improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers. In a targeted biopsy, tissue samples are obtained from suspicious regions identified on a prebiopsy diagnostic MR imaging.

Evaluation of a multiparametric renal CT algorithm for diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma among small (≤ 4 cm) solid renal masses.

Objective: To evaluate a recently proposed CT-based algorithm for diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) among small (≤ 4 cm) solid renal masses diagnosed by renal mass biopsy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 51 small renal masses in 51 patients with renal-mass CT and biopsy between 2014 and 2021. Three radiologists independently evaluated corticomedullary phase CT for the following: heterogeneity and attenuation ratio (mass:renal cortex), which were used to inform the CT score (1-5).

Adrenal Mass Biopsy in Patients Without Extraadrenal Primary Malignancy: A Multicenter Study.

Adrenal washout CT is not useful for evaluating incidental adrenal masses in patients without known or suspected primary extraadrenal malignancy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of adrenal mass biopsy in patients without known or suspected extraadrenal primary malignancy. This retrospective six-center study included 69 patients (mean age, 56 years; 32 men, 37 women) without known or suspected extraadrenal primary malignancy who underwent image-guided core needle biopsy between January 2004 and June 2021 of a mass suspected to be arising from the adrenal gland.

Diagnosis, Management, and Follow-Up of the Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass: CUA Guideline Endorsed by the AUA.

Purpose: Incidental adrenal masses are common and require a multidisciplinary approach to evaluation and management that includes family physicians, urologists, endocrinologists, and radiologists. The purpose of this guideline is to provide an updated approach to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas, with a special focus on the areas of discrepancy/controversy existing among the published guidelines from other associations.

Materials And Methods: This guideline was developed by the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) through a working group comprised of urologists, endocrinologists, and radiologists and subsequently endorsed by the American Urological Association (AUA).

Utility of multiparametric renal CT for differentiation of low-grade from high-grade cT1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To determine if CT can differentiate low-grade from high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in cT1a solid ccRCC.

Methods And Materials: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 78 < 4 cm solid (>25% enhancing) ccRCC in 78 patients with renal CT within 12 months of surgery between January 2016 and December 2019. Two radiologists (R1/R2), blinded to pathology, independently recorded mass:size, calcification, attenuation and heterogeneity (5-point Likert scale) and recorded a 5-point ccRCC CT Score.

Direct mapping of kidney function by DCE-MRI urography using a tetrazinanone organic radical contrast agent.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are ongoing global health burdens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard measure of kidney function, with clinical estimates providing a global assessment of kidney health without spatial information of kidney- or region-specific dysfunction. The addition of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to the anatomical imaging already performed would yield a 'one-stop-shop' for renal assessment in cases of suspected AKI and CKD.

Adrenal Neoplasms: Lessons from Adrenal Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards.

The radiologic diagnosis of adrenal disease can be challenging in settings of atypical presentations, mimics of benign and malignant adrenal masses, and rare adrenal anomalies. Misdiagnosis may lead to suboptimal management and adverse outcomes. Adrenal adenoma is the most common benign adrenal tumor that arises from the cortex, whereas adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor of the cortex.

Prevalence of 'Fat-Poor' Adrenal Adenomas at Chemical-Shift MRI.

Objective: : To determine the prevalence of 'fat-poor' adrenal adenomas at chemical-shift-MRI.

Materials And Methods: : This prospective IRB approved study identified 104 consecutive patients with 127 indeterminate adrenal masses that underwent 1.5-T chemical-shift-MRI between 2021-2023.

Perineural Invasion and Spread in Common Abdominopelvic Diseases: Imaging Diagnosis and Clinical Significance.

Malignancies and other diseases may spread by multiple pathways, including direct extension, hematogenous spread, or via lymphatic vessels. A less-well-understood route is the peripheral nervous system, which is known as perineural spread (PNS). In addition to accounting for pain and other neurologic symptoms, PNS affects both disease prognosis and management.

Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Uterus at MRI: Focus on Leiomyomas and FIGO Classification.

Leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors of the uterus and are the most common uterine neoplasm. Although leiomyomas are usually asymptomatic, they can manifest with symptoms such as pain or uterine bleeding. Leiomyomas are classified on the basis of their anatomic location and morphology.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Post-Treatment Follow-up of Prostate Cancer: 2022 Update.

Prostate cancer has a wide spectrum ranging between low-grade localized disease and castrate-resistant metastatic disease. Although whole gland and systematic therapies result in cure in the majority of patients, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer can still occur. Imaging approaches including anatomic, functional, and molecular modalities are continuously expanding.

Prevalence of malignant or possibly malignant renal masses among homogeneous low-attenuation masses that are too small to characterize at computed tomography.

Background: Homogeneous low-attenuation renal masses that are too small to characterize (tstc) are considered clinically insignificant; however, based primarily on expert opinion.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malignant or possibly malignant masses among homogeneous low-attenuation renal masses that are tstc.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 75 patients with 104 tstc who underwent renal CT and MRI between Jan 2016 and Jul 2022.

Patient preparation for prostate MRI: A scoping review.

Purpose: To perform a scoping review of the literature evaluating patient preparation for prostate MRI.

Methods: We conducted a search of English language literature, between 1989 and 2022 using MEDLINE and EMBASE for key terms: diet, enema, gel, catheter and anti-spasmodic agents linked to prostate MRI. Studies were reviewed for: level of evidence (LOE), study design and key results.