A psycholinguistic investigation of biased semantic networks in contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background And Objectives: Increasing evidence confirms the significant involvement of disgust in contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD). More insights into the role of disgust within cognitive biases in OCD may illuminate the psychopathology and corresponding subdimensions or subtypes. The present study introduces a new approach adopted from psycholinguistic research to investigate biases in word association networks in C-OCD versus other OCD symptom dimensions (nC-OCD).

Psychotic-Like Reasoning Styles in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder? An Experimental Investigation of the Jumping to Conclusions Bias.

Introduction: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) commonly display psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusional/paranoid ideas. We used the fish task to investigate cognitive biases (jumping to conclusions and overcorrection) implicated in the aetiology of psychotic symptoms in patients with BPD.

Methods: Participants received consecutive pieces of information to determine which of two lakes a fisherman was catching fish from.

Treatment Preferences in Acute Psychosis: A Comparison of Patient and Staff Perspectives on Symptom Prioritization and Biopsychosocial Interventions.

Patients with acute psychosis are often confronted with the prejudice that they refuse all treatment due to lack of insight. This study examined and compared the aims and preferences for treatment of patients with acute psychosis and of psychiatric inpatient staff. A total of 142 inpatients being treated for a psychotic disorder on either a locked or an open ward indicated which of a range of symptoms they want to be treated and which of various biopsychosocial treatment options they would like to receive.

Are psychotic-like experiences associated with aberrant prosocial decision-making behavior?

Introduction: Deficits in social functioning and decision-making are well-documented in schizophrenia, but their relationship with positive symptoms and social conflicts is poorly understood. We created a new paradigm based on the Dictator Game (DG) to explore differences in social decision-making between individuals experiencing high levels of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), particularly hallucinations and delusions, and controls with less PLEs.

Methods: A large community sample ( = 1,161) completed a DG in an online study whereby extreme groups were built based on the subscale of the CAPE.

Digital nature: Unveiling the impact and safety of FlowVR group intervention for depression in a feasibility trial.

Objective: This study addresses the limitations of existing interventions for depression, such as a deficit-oriented focus, overlooking the utilization of positive elements such as nature, and neglecting the incorporation of group effects. The present feasibility study examines FlowVR, a resource-oriented, nature-inspired virtual reality (VR)-based group therapy. Previously tested individually in a pilot study for non-clinical participants, FlowVR has demonstrated positive effects on depressive symptoms.

The contributions of risk-taking and impulsivity to jumping to conclusions in the psychosis spectrum.

The jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias has been linked to the formation and maintenance of delusions across the psychosis spectrum. However, it remains unclear whether this bias reflects a primary cognitive deviation or is secondary to other cognitive processes. To this end, we investigated the relationship between JTC, risk-taking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking in individuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and controls.

Metacognitive training in the acute psychiatric care setting: feasibility, acceptability, and safety.

Unlabelled: Patients on acute psychiatric wards desire more psychosocial treatment than they receive, according to recent studies, but evidence-based interventions tailored to this setting are currently lacking. Metacognitive Training for psychosis (MCT) is a flexible, easy-to-administer group therapy that has been adapted to meet this demand (MCT-Acute). Thirty-seven patients with severe mental illness took part in MCT-Acute twice a week during their stay on a locked acute ward and were interviewed before, during, and after the intervention period regarding subjective utility, subjective adverse events, and symptom severity; attendance rates and reasons for absence were recorded.

Prevalence of body-focused repetitive behaviors in a diverse population sample - rates across age, gender, race and education.

Background: Prevalence estimates for body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as trichotillomania differ greatly across studies owing to several confounding factors (e.g. different criteria).

Implicit aggressive self-concept in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from an approach-avoidance task.

Background And Objectives: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have reported higher anger and aggression than healthy individuals in previous studies using explicit measures. However, studies using implicit measures have demonstrated mixed results. The aim of the present study was to investigate implicit aggressiveness in OCD using an approach-avoidance task (AAT).

Hasty decision making and belief inflexibility in the more delusion prone? A modified disambiguating-scenarios paradigm assessing cognitive biases implicated in delusions.

Introduction: Contemporary models of psychosis imply that cognitive biases such as the jumping to conclusions (JTC), the bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE), and the liberal acceptance (LA) bias play a role in the pathogenesis of delusions. Most of the studies investigating the role of cognitive biases, however, have been conducted with socially neutral or abstract stimuli and have assessed patients with established psychoses. For the present study, we aimed to concurrently investigate multiple biases (i.

Exploring mechanisms of change in the metacognitive training for depression.

The Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) is a highly structured group therapy that has been shown to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms. First evidence suggests that need for control represents a mechanism of change. However, more research is needed to evaluate the mode of action of each module and identify predictors of treatment response.

Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder.

Research suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) share a range of cognitive biases with patients with psychosis. As the disorder often manifests in dysfunctional social interactions, we assumed associated reasoning styles would be exaggerated in a social setting. For the present study, we applied the Judge-Advisor System by asking participants to provide initial estimates of a person's age and presumed hostility based on a portrait photo.

Whodunit - A novel video-based task for the measurement of jumping to conclusions in the schizophrenia spectrum.

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is implicated in the formation and maintenance of the positive symptoms of psychosis and over the years has become a prominent treatment target. Yet, measures designed to detect JTC are compromised by a number of limitations. We aimed to address some of these shortcomings with a new video-based "Whodunit task" among participants scoring high and low on the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE).

'You are trying to teach us to think more slowly!': Adapting Metacognitive Training for the acute care setting-A case report.

Psychological group interventions for the acute inpatient care setting are scarce. Whereas Metacognitive Training for patients with Psychosis (MCT) provides a widely accessible, easy-to-implement intervention for patients with mild to moderate symptoms, it is less adequate for the acute care setting with respect to length and density of information. We present the adaptation process and the resulting adaptation of MCT, MCT-Acute, for the acute inpatient care setting.

Do you like cliff-hangers? Objective versus subjective need for closure in the schizophrenia spectrum.

Need for closure (NFC) is a cognitive bias that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of delusions. A general population sample (N = 1465) was dichotomized into high versus low schizotypal participants and matched based on core social demographic characteristics (each n = 98). For the first time, we aimed at capturing NFC subjectively (with the NFC Scale) and objectively with a new experimental paradigm, the Ambiguous Movie Scene Task.

Effort and liberal acceptance bias in patients with schizophrenia.

A liberal acceptance bias is implicated in the formation and maintenance of delusions in schizophrenia. The present study tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia are more quickly satisfied with their task performance than controls despite poor objective performance. Fifty patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls performed the newly developed copy figure task in which participants copy a complex geometrical figure up to eight times until they are satisfied with the result.

Prolonged rather than hasty decision-making in schizophrenia using the box task. Must we rethink the jumping to conclusions account of paranoia?

Unlabelled: Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the best established cognitive bias in schizophrenia and is increasingly targeted in interventions aimed to improve positive symptoms. To address shortcomings of the standard measure to capture JTC, the beads task, we developed a new variant-the box task-which was subsequently validated in people with elevated psychotic-like experiences. For the first time, the box task was administered in a sample of individuals with manifest schizophrenia.