Vitamin Metabolism and Its Dependency on Genetic Variations Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review for Precision Nutrition Strategies.

Background/objectives: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in precision nutrition and its potential for disease prevention. Differences in individual responses to diet, especially among populations of different ancestry, have underlined the importance of understanding the effects of genetic variations on nutrient intake (nutrigenomics). Since humans generally cannot synthesize essential vitamins, the maintenance of healthy bodily functions depends on dietary vitamin intake.

Longitudinal Assessment of Intersegmental Abnormalities in the Lumbar Spine of Adolescent Competitive Alpine Skiers Over 48 Months.

Background: Overuse-related intersegmental abnormalities in the spine of competitive alpine skiers are common findings. However, longitudinal changes in intersegmental abnormalities and symptoms throughout adolescence have not been assessed.

Purpose: To longitudinally assess and compare overuse-related spinal intersegmental abnormalities in adolescent competitive alpine skiers over 48 months and to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in asymptomatic and symptomatic skiers.

Accuracy and Reliability of Grip Strength Measurements: A Comparative Device Analysis.

Grip strength is widely used as a surrogate parameter for functional status. The current gold standard, the JAMAR Hydraulic Dynamometer (JAMAR Hydraulic), presents challenges for individuals with painful finger joints or low grip strength. Therefore, the objective of this observational study was to assess comparability across the JAMAR Smart, the Martin Vigorimeter and the gold standard.

Snow sports-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports.

The International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on 'methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport' recommended standardising methods to advance data collection and reporting consistency. However, additional aspects need to be considered when these methods are applied to specific sports settings. Therefore, we have developed a snow sports-specific extension of the IOC statement to promote the harmonisation of injury and illness registration methods among athletes of all levels and categories in the different disciplines governed by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), which is also applicable to other related snow sports such as biathlon, ski mountaineering, and to some extent, para snow sports.

Greater hip internal rotation range of motion is associated with increased dynamic knee valgus during jump landing, both before and after fatigue.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse sex-specific differences contributing to dynamic valgus in competitive soccer players before and after a standardised fatiguing protocol.

Methods: Thirty-nine healthy female and male competitive soccer players (19 females and 20 males) were recruited for the purpose of this study. Bilateral medial knee displacement (MKD) was assessed during drop jump landings using a three-dimensional motion capture system before and after a standardised fatiguing protocol.

Are the Positions in the Word Ranking of Competitive Alpine Skiers Explainable by Prominent Polymorphisms in Regulatory Genes of Mechanical and Metabolic Muscle Functioning?

The success of competitive alpine skiers with respective to their world ranking (WR) positions might be associated with prominent gene polymorphisms. Twenty-six competitive alpine skiers were followed from 2015 to 2019 for their WR positions (FIS-ranking). Using PCR, the genotypes of ACE-I/D, TNC, ACTN3, and PTK2 were identified.

How useful are indirect radiographic measurements of hip instability in borderline hip dysplasia? An MRI-based comparison to a healthy cohort.

Purpose: Symptomatic hips with borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) morphology pose a challenge in differentiating stable from unstable hips. The current study aims to compare indirect radiographic signs of instability in a symptomatic BHD population to those in a healthy cohort.

Methods: The study group consisted of patients with a lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) with values 18° ≤ LCEA < 25° who underwent corrective periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and reported an improvement in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Comparative electroencephalography analysis: Marathon runners during tapering versus sedentary controls reveals no significant differences.

Introduction: Previous studies described various adaptive neuroplastic brain changes associated with physical activity (PA). EEG studies focused mostly on effects during or shortly after short bouts of exercise. This is the first study to investigate the capability of EEG to display PA-induced long-lasting plasticity in runners compared to a sedentary control group.

Tumor-Like Distal Femoral Cortical Irregularities of the Knee in Adolescent Competitive Alpine Skiers: Longitudinal Assessment Over 48 Months.

Background: Tumor-like distal femoral cortical irregularities (DFCIs) are a frequent incidental finding on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are common in young competitive athletes.

Purpose: To assess and compare the morphology and prevalence of DFCIs in competitive alpine skiers over 48 months during adolescence.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Superolateral Hoffa fat pad edema in adolescent competitive alpine skiers: temporal evolution over 4 years and risk factors.

Objectives: To longitudinally assess and correlate the prevalence of superolateral Hoffa fat pad (SHFP) edema with changes in features of the knee extensor mechanism in adolescent competitive alpine skiers over 48 months.

Methods: Competitive alpine skiers were prospectively enrolled in 2018 and underwent bilateral knee MRI at baseline and after 48 months. MRI was assessed for the prevalence of SHFP edema.

Exercise- and education-based prehabilitation before total knee arthroplasty: a pilot study.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and estimates of effects of a supervised exercise- and education-based prehabilitation programme aiming to improve knee functioning compared with usual care in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty.

Design: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Subjects: Patients receiving primary, unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

The influence of marathon running on resting-state EEG activity: a longitudinal observational study.

Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on various health aspects and neuronal functions, including neuronal plasticity. Exceeding a certain exercise frequency and duration has been associated with negative effects. Our study investigated the effects of excessive PA with a marathon run (MA) and regular PA (training and recovery phases) on electrocortical activity, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG).

[Gender-Specific Sports Medicine].

Sports medicine, as a classical cross-sectional subject, includes diverse topics which show gender-specific differences and thus require a differentiated consideration. Evidence-based research exists in the field of musculoskeletal medicine, for example, in relation to cruciate ligament injuries or concussions. Marked differences in trainability (both muscular and cardiac or pulmonary) are also emerging.

Call for the application of a biopsychosocial and interdisciplinary approach to the return-to-sport framework of snow sports athletes.

Snow sports such as alpine skiing or snowboarding are associated with a high risk of injury and reinjury and are subject to a very special environment with specific rehabilitation challenges that must be addressed. Due to geographic decentralisation, seasonal climatic limitations, alternation of training in off-snow and on-snow settings and unique loading patterns of practising these sports, special rehabilitation structures and processes are required compared with other sports. In addition, returning to preinjury performance requires a high level of confidence and a resumption of risk-taking in demanding situations such as high-speed skiing and high-amplitude jumps.

De Novo Lipogenesis-Related Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in the Blood Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HFpEF Patients.

De novo lipogenesis (DNL)-related monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the blood are associated with incident heart failure (HF). This observation's biological plausibility may be due to the potential of these MUFAs to induce proinflammatory pathways, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and insulin resistance, which are pathophysiologically relevant in HF. The associations of circulating MUFAs with cardiometabolic phenotypes in patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are unknown.

Association of Gene Variants with Seasonal Variation in Muscle Strength and Aerobic Capacity in Elite Skiers.

The training of elite skiers follows a systematic seasonal periodization with a preparation period, when anaerobic muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and cardio-metabolic recovery are specifically conditioned to provide extra capacity for developing ski-specific physical fitness in the subsequent competition period. We hypothesized that periodization-induced alterations in muscle and metabolic performance demonstrate important variability, which in part is explained by gene-associated factors in association with sex and age. A total of 34 elite skiers (20.

Trans-fatty acid blood levels of industrial but not natural origin are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HFpEF: a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF trial.

Background: Industrially processed trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA) have been linked to altered lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation and increased NT-proBNP. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of TFA blood levels with patient characteristics are unknown.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF-RCT.

Training load, sports performance, physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort of Swiss elite athletes.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have led to abrupt changes in the lives of elite athletes.

Objectives: The objective of this prospective cohort study was to examine training load, subjective sports performance, physical and mental health among Swiss elite athletes during a 6-month follow-up period starting with the first Swiss lockdown.

Methods: Swiss elite athletes (n = 203) participated in a repeated online survey evaluating health, training, and performance related metrics.

Sport and exercise recommendations for pregnant athletes: a systematic scoping review.

Objectives: To analyse the available evidence and identify gaps in current knowledge regarding physical activity volume and intensity and their effects on pregnancy outcomes in female athletes.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: A structured literature search of three electronic databases (Embase, PubMed and Web of Science) was conducted on 25 February 2022, and a rerun search was conducted on 8 September 2022.

Allergic diseases in German competitive athletes: results of a cross-sectional study.

Background: Allergic diseases are common in the general population. Among the population of competitive athletes (hereafter referred to as athletes), previous studies have mostly focused on the prevalence of allergic diseases and further aspects of bronchial asthma. We aimed to examine the prevalence of allergic diseases and respective medication use in athletes in Germany.