Revisiting Anticoagulation in Spine Surgery: Balancing Venous Thromboembolic Events and Epidural Hematoma.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) and post-operative epidural hematoma (EDH) are significant complications after spine surgery. Guidelines for chemoprophylaxis are controversial and variability amongst surgeons remains.

The Influence of Media Coverage on the Negative Perception of Migrants in Chile.

How mass media frame information about migrants is vital to further their well-being and social inclusion in the host society. However, it can also encourage forms of discrimination and xenophobia. In Chile, migration is a theme of great relevance due to a substantial increase in the flow of migrants over the last ten years, as well as the acts of extreme violence toward this group.

Maternal Prenatal Hair Cortisol Is Associated with Child Wheeze among Mothers and Infants with Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Who Face High Socioeconomic Adversity.

The association of co-occurring prenatal stress and tobacco exposures on childhood wheezing and asthma are not well established. In this study, we compared maternal prenatal hair cortisol concentration (HCC) to the maternal report of infant wheezing (y/n) in the first year of life among mother-infant dyads exposed to tobacco smoke and socioeconomic adversity. Data were obtained from the Vitamin C to Decrease Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function study.

Risk of metabolic syndrome and metabolic phenotypes in relation to biomarker-calibrated estimates of energy and protein intakes: an investigation from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased mortality independent of BMI, resulting in discordant metabolic phenotypes, such as metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight individuals. Studies investigating dietary intake in MetS have reported mixed results, due in part to the limitations of self-reported measures.

Objectives: To investigate the role of biomarker-calibrated estimates of energy and protein in MetS and metabolic phenotypes.

Vitamin C to pregnant smokers persistently improves infant airway function to 12 months of age: a randomised trial.

Background: Vitamin C (500 mg·day) supplementation for pregnant smokers has been reported to increase newborn pulmonary function and infant forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at 3 months of age. Its effect on airway function through 12 months of age has not been reported.

Objective: To assess whether vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers is associated with a sustained increased airway function in their infants through 12 months of age.

Oral Vitamin C (500 mg/d) to Pregnant Smokers Improves Infant Airway Function at 3 Months (VCSIP). A Randomized Trial.

We reported a randomized trial demonstrating daily supplemental vitamin C to pregnant smokers significantly improved newborn pulmonary function tests. The current study tests these results in a new cohort using infant pulmonary function tests. To determine if infants of pregnant smokers randomized to daily supplemental vitamin C would have improved forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at 3 months of age compared with those randomized to placebo, and to investigate the association of the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a continuing challenge in the United States.

Despite significant population level declines, smoking during pregnancy remains a major public health issue in the United States (US). Approximately 360,000-500,000 smoke-exposed infants are born yearly, and prenatal smoking remains a leading modifiable cause of poor birth outcomes (e.g.

Quantification of nutritive sucking among preterm and full-term infants.

Purpose: We developed summaries of oral bottle-feeding skills among preterm (<37 gestational weeks) and full-term (≥37 gestational weeks) infants using a mechanical device (Orometer) to measure intraoral pressure changes, with accompanying automated software and analytics. We then compared the rates of change in feeding skills over several weeks (feeding trends) between preterm and full-term infants. We also compared group means at 40 weeks post menstrual age (PMA).

Vitamin C to Decrease the Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function (VCSIP): Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial of vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of effects of in utero tobacco smoke exposure on infant lung function and respiratory health.

Despite strong anti-smoking efforts, at least 12% of American women cannot quit smoking when pregnant resulting in >450,000 smoke-exposed infants born yearly. Smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of childhood respiratory illness including wheezing and asthma. Recent studies have shown a protective effect of vitamin C supplementation on the lung function of offspring exposed to in utero smoke in a non-human primate model and an initial human trial.

Medical advocacy among African-American women diagnosed with breast cancer: from recipient to resource.

Purpose: Medical advocacy at multiple levels (self, community/interpersonal, national/public health interest) may be helpful to address the disproportionate burden of breast cancer African-American women encounter. Little, however, is known about the interplay of medical advocacy at different levels.

Methods: We analyzed qualitative data from two studies focused on the psychosocial experiences of breast cancer among 38 African-American women living in Western Washington State.

Roles of American Indian grandparents in times of cultural crisis.

This study examined the roles of contemporary American Indian grandparents in the lives of their grandchildren. Structured interviews were conducted with 20 American Indian grandparents. Analysis of interviews followed a sequence of strategies traditionally identified with the process of data reduction and analysis using qualitative methodologies.

Panamanian grandmothers' family relationships and adjustment to having a grandchild with a disability.

The purpose of this article was to explore the family relationships and role adjustment of grandmothers in the Republic of Panama who have a grandchild with special needs. Thirty Panamanian grandmothers of children with a disability were interviewed using a standardized format and non-directive probing. Categories of analysis were established only after the data was fully collected and reviewed.

College student risk-taking from three perspectives.

This study addressed college student risk-taking from three perspectives: dispositional trait, decision-making, and environmental. One hundred ninety-six college students provided information on sensation-seeking, locus of control, perceived risks, perceived benefits, risk involvement, peer influence, perceived peer participation, and social desirability, and responded to risky behavior scenarios. Results showed that sensation-seeking, perceived peer participation, and perceived benefits were associated with risk involvement.

Factors influencing adolescents' decisions to engage in risk-taking behavior.

Few studies have assessed adolescent risk-taking from a decision-making perspective while also looking at sensation-seeking and locus of control. In this study, 171 older adolescents completed a risk-taking inventory to measure risk involvement. Sensation-seeking and locus of control, as well as perceived benefits and costs, were assessed to determine their effects on risk-taking.

The relationship of family structure and conflict to levels of intimacy and parental attachment in college students.

Randomly selected college juniors and seniors completed questionnaires concerning marital conflict, parental attachment, and attitudes about love and sex. Results indicated that intimacy was negatively correlated with parental conflict and divorce. Divorce and higher levels of conflict were associated with lower levels of intimacy in students' romantic relationships.

Family-of-origin interaction and adolescent mothers' potential for child abuse.

This study examined the relationship between family-of-origin interaction and environment and the potential for young mothers to abuse their children. Females aged 14 to 21 from three teen parenting programs completed the Teen Parenting Questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale, and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Low scores on family cohesion were found to correlate with high scores on child abuse potential.

Grandparents' role in family systems with a deaf child. An exploratory study.

This qualitative study explored the role of grandparents in hearing/deaf family systems. Specifically, the grandparental role was examined in six family systems across at least three generations (grandparent, parent, deaf grandchild). The study's purpose was to provide insight into personal and interpersonal functioning of extended family systems with a deaf member and to provide a basis for future quantitative research.

Big Brothers: impact on Little Brothers' self-concepts and behaviors.

The impact a Big Brother has on a Little Brother's self-concept and behavior was examined for 45 boys ages 7 to 15. The Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America is a United Way agency dedicated to supplying children from single-parent homes with an adult volunteer of the same sex. The adult serves as a friend and role model for the child.

Effects of family structure on the adolescent separation-individuation process.

This study examined the effects of college students' family structures on the separation-individuation process. Family structure groups investigated were (1) intact; (2) divorced, mother-custody, no remarriage; and (3) divorced, mother-custody, remarried. The components of the separation-individuation process examined were attachment to parents, conflictual independence, internal self-awareness, ego identity, and self-esteem.

Managing dentin hypersensitivity: what treatment to recommend to patients.

Dentin hypersensitivity affects nearly 40 million Americans at one time or another. The authors outline its causes and describe treatment agents and procedures.

Adolescent pregnancy: contributing factors and strategies for prevention.

A questionnaire was administered to pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers to assess both basic needs and factors that may have contributed to their becoming teen parents. Family background and composition, history of sexual abuse, vocational plans and aspirations, and self-esteem were examined. Results and implications for prevention programs and counseling are discussed.

[6 months' results of coronary angioplasty after thrombolysis of myocardial infarction].

Transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) has become the treatment of choice of residual stenosis after thrombolysis for myocardial infarction, but the long-term results of TCA are imperfectly evaluated. Seventy patients underwent TCA after thrombolysis on account of a significant (greater than 50 p. 100) residual stenosis of the artery responsible for the infarction.

[Long-term course of conduction disorders in 97 patients with an HV interval superior or equal to 70 milliseconds].

The natural history of disorders of conduction is imperfectly known. The presence of an HV interval of 70 milliseconds or more, which is regarded as pathological, usually results in pacemaker implantation. In this study the course of symptoms and disorders of conduction was investigated in 97 patients with an HV interval of 70 ms or more, and therefore equipped with a pacemaker, followed up for a mean period of 26.