The effect of resolvin D1 on primary oral epithelial cell migration in vitro.

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are known for their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. The aim of the present study was to find new functions of the SPM resolvin D1 (RvD1) on oral epithelial cells. As a starting point, we used a dataset obtained by RNA high-throughput sequencing of oral epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α and RvD1 versus TNF-α alone.

RvD1 Downregulates the Transcription of Pro-Inflammatory Genes in Oral Epithelial Cells and Reverses Nuclear Translocation of Transcription Factor p65 after TNF-α Stimulation.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are multifunctional lipid mediators that participate in the resolution of inflammation. We have recently described that oral epithelial cells (OECs) express receptors of the SPM resolvin RvD1 and that cultured OECs respond to RvD1 addition by intracellular calcium release, nuclear receptor translocation and transcription of genes coding for antimicrobial peptides. The aim of the present study was to assess the functional outcome of RvD1-signaling in OECs under inflammatory conditions.

The Effect of Cognitive Relevance of Directed Actions on Mathematical Reasoning.

Theories of grounded and embodied cognition offer a range of accounts of how reasoning and body-based processes are related to each other. To advance theories of grounded and embodied cognition, we explore the cognitive relevance of particular body states to associated math concepts. We test competing models of action-cognition transduction to investigate the cognitive relevance of directed actions to students' mathematical reasoning in the area of geometry.

Expression and function of resolvin RvD1 receptors in oral epithelial cells.

Chronic inflammatory responses can inflict permanent damage to host tissues. Specialized pro-resolving mediators downregulate inflammation but also can have other functions. The aim of this study was to examine whether oral epithelial cells express the receptors FPR2/ALX and DRV1/GPR32, which bind RvD1 , a recently described pro-resolving mediator derived from omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and whether RvD1 exposure induced significant responses in these cells.

Tocilizumab Versus Baricitinib in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia and Hypoxemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: In patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, both tocilizumab and baricitinib have been shown to have clinical benefit compared with placebo. To date, there are few data comparing the two treatments, and their relative benefits and harms are unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of tocilizumab versus baricitinib in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia and hypoxemia.

Origin of langerin (CD207)-expressing antigen presenting cells in the normal oral mucosa and in oral lichen planus lesions.

The number of langerin-expressing antigen-presenting cells is higher in oral lichen planus than in normal oral mucosa. However, langerin may be expressed by several functionally different lineages of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and this has important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of the langerin-expressing APCs.

PD-1 Blockade Elicits Ongoing Remission in Two Cases of Refractory Microsatellite-Stable Cancer Harboring a POLE Mutation.

Introduction: In the last decade, immune-checkpoint therapy has led to a break-through in the treatment of cancer across all entities, while molecular markers have grown in importance for the choice of the appropriate chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, in 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor pembrolizumab, a tissue agnostic cancer drug, for the treatment of cancer that displays microsatellite instability, regardless of histological entity and site of origin. However, a growing number of studies report that cases of microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors harboring a DNA polymerase ε (POLE) mutation, a gene associated with proofreading deficiency, leading to an increased tumor mutational burden, likewise benefit from immune-checkpoint therapy.

Landscape of Biomarkers and Actionable Gene Alterations in Adenocarcinoma of GEJ and Stomach-A Real World Data Analysis.

After several years of negative phase III trials in gastric and esophageal cancer, a significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and stomach (GC) is now becoming evident with the emerging of precision oncology and implementation of molecular targets in tumor treatment. In addition, new generation studies such as umbrella and basket trials are focused on these molecular targets, which makes an early molecular diagnosis based on IHC/ISH and NGS necessary. The required companion diagnostics of Her2neu overamplification or PD-L1 expression is based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or additionally in situ hybridization (ISH) in case of an IHC Her2neu score of 2+.

Composition of hemidesmosomes in basal keratinocytes of normal buccal mucosa and oral lichen planus.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease displaying ultrastructural disturbances in epithelial hemidesmosomes. The expression of several key hemidesmosomal components in OLP as well as in normal buccal mucosa is, however, unknown. The aim of the study was therefore to examine intracellular and extracellular components involved in hemidesmosomal attachment, in OLP (n = 20) and in normal buccal mucosa (n = 10), by immunofluorescence.

Expression of keratins 8, 18, and 19 in epithelia of atrophic oral lichen planus.

Keratins form intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton in keratinocytes and have roles in cell structure, signaling, intracellular transport, and cell death. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an oral inflammatory disease with derangements in basal keratinocytes and disruption of the basal membrane. Here, we focused on epithelial expression of keratins 8, 18, and 19 because these proteins are known to modulate cell death.

B cell receptor ligation induces display of V-region peptides on MHC class II molecules to T cells.

The B cell receptors (BCRs) for antigen express variable (V) regions that are enormously diverse, thus serving as markers on individual B cells. V region-derived idiotypic (Id) peptides can be displayed as pId:MHCII complexes on B cells for recognition by CD4 T cells. It is not known if naive B cells spontaneously display pId:MHCII in vivo or if BCR ligation is required for expression, thereby enabling collaboration between Id B cells and Id-specific T cells.

Intranasal Immunization with the Commensal Confers Protective Immunity against Pneumococcal Lung Infection.

is a bacterial pathogen that causes various diseases of public health concern worldwide. Current pneumococcal vaccines target the capsular polysaccharide surrounding the cells. However, only up to 13 of more than 90 pneumococcal capsular serotypes are represented in the current conjugate vaccines.

Antibodies Reactive to Commensal Show Cross-Reactivity With Virulent Serotypes.

Current vaccines against , a bacterial species that afflicts people by causing a wide spectrum of diseases, do not protect against all pneumococcal serotypes. Thus, alternative vaccines to fight pneumococcal infections that target common proteins are under investigation. One promising strategy is to take advantage of immune cross-reactivity between commensal and pathogenic microbes for cross-protection.

Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters.

De facto reuse is the percentage of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intake potentially composed of effluent discharged from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples.

Exploring Host-Commensal Interactions in the Respiratory Tract.

Commensal microbes are currently in the limelight in biomedical research because they play an important role in health and disease. Humans harbor an enormous diversity of commensals in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Advancement in metagenomic and other omic approaches, and development of suitable animal models have provided an unprecedented appreciation into the diversity of commensals, and the intricacies of their intimate communication with the host immune system.

The Regulatory Role of the Oral Commensal Streptococcus mitis on Human Monocytes.

Streptococcus mitis colonizes all niches of the human oral cavity from early infancy and throughout life. Monocytes patrol blood vessels, lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and migrate into infected tissue where they participate in the inflammatory cascade and immune regulation. Here, we studied the effect of S.

The oral commensal Streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells.

Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) is a pioneer commensal bacterial species colonizing many of the surfaces of the oral cavity in healthy individuals. Yet, not much information is available regarding its interaction with the host.

Lysophosphatidic acid induces expression of genes in human oral keratinocytes involved in wound healing.

Objective: Epithelial cells participate in wound healing by covering wounds, but also as important mediators of wound healing processes. Topical application of the phospholipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) accelerates dermal wound healing and we hypothesized that LPA can play a role in human oral wound healing through its effects on human oral keratinocytes (HOK).

Design: HOK were isolated from gingival biopsies and exposed to LPA.

Occurrence and In Vitro Bioactivity of Estrogen, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Compounds in a Nationwide Screen of United States Stream Waters.

In vitro bioassays are sensitive, effect-based tools used to quantitatively screen for chemicals with nuclear receptor activity in environmental samples. We measured in vitro estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, along with a broad suite of chemical analytes, in streamwater from 35 well-characterized sites (3 reference and 32 impacted) across 24 states and Puerto Rico. ER agonism was the most frequently detected with nearly all sites (34/35) displaying activity (range, 0.

The Role of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Its Precursor Forms in Oral Wound Healing.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its different precursor forms are secreted into human saliva by salivary glands and are also produced by an array of cells in the tissues of the oral cavity. The major forms of NGF in human saliva are forms of pro-nerve growth factor (pro-NGF) and not mature NGF. The NGF receptors tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) are widely expressed on cells in the soft tissues of the human oral cavity, including keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and leukocytes, and in ductal and acinar cells of all types of salivary glands.

Human health screening and public health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water supplies.

The source water and treated drinking water from twenty five drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) across the United States were sampled in 2010-2012. Samples were analyzed for 247 contaminants using 15 chemical and microbiological methods. Most of these contaminants are not regulated currently either in drinking water or in discharges to ambient water by the U.

Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals.

Mobile and persistent chemicals that are present in urban wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, may survive on-site or municipal wastewater treatment and post-discharge environmental processes. These pharmaceuticals have the potential to reach surface and groundwaters, essential drinking-water sources. A joint, two-phase U.

Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States.

When chemical or microbial contaminants are assessed for potential effect or possible regulation in ambient and drinking waters, a critical first step is determining if the contaminants occur and if they are at concentrations that may cause human or ecological health concerns. To this end, source and treated drinking water samples from 29 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) were analyzed as part of a two-phase study to determine whether chemical and microbial constituents, many of which are considered contaminants of emerging concern, were detectable in the waters. Of the 84 chemicals monitored in the 9 Phase I DWTPs, 27 were detected at least once in the source water, and 21 were detected at least once in treated drinking water.