Impact of simplifications on numerical modelling of the shallow subsurface at city-scale and implications for shallow geothermal potential.

Anthropogenic infrastructures in the shallow subsurface, such as heated basements, tunnels or shallow geothermal systems, are known to increase ground temperatures, particularly in urban areas. Numerical modelling helps inform on the extent of thermal influence of such structures, and its potential uses. Realistic modelling of the subsurface is often computationally costly and requires large amounts of data which is often not readily available, necessitating the use of modelling simplifications.

Modelling permafrost thickness in Great Britain over glacial cycles.

Like other countries, the UK has opted for deep geological disposal for the long-term, safe management of higher-activity radioactive waste. However, a site and a geological environment have yet to be identified to host a geological disposal facility. In considering its long-term safety functionality, it is necessary to consider natural processes, such as permafrost development, that have the potential to alter the geological environment over the time-scale of glacial-interglacial cycles.

Training Reduces Stress in Human-Socialised Wolves to the Same Degree as in Dogs.

The welfare of animals in captivity is of considerable societal concern. A major source of stress, especially for wild animals, is the lack of control over their environment, which includes not being able to avoid contact with human beings. Paradoxically, some studies have shown that interactions with human beings may improve the welfare of wild animals in captivity.

Low-field Mri and arthroscopy of meniscal lesions in ten dogs with experimentally induced cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency.

Little is known about the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of canine meniscal lesions. The aim of this study is to describe the MR appearance of meniscal lesions in dogs with experimentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency. The pilot study revealed dogs weighing approximately 10 kg to be too small for meniscal evaluation on low-field MRI.

[Experiences and results from standardised observations of conventional and kinaesthetic nursing in a nuclear and radio-therapeutic ward].

In the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, City Hospital Triemli (Zurich, Switzerland), a controlled observational study was carried out. The investigation aimed at comparing conventional and kinaesthetic nursing interventions with respect to the agility and body orientation of the patients, and with respect to their interaction with the nurses. The observations were limited to the interventions washing, positioning, and mobilizing and lasted 20 to 60 minutes.

[Nursing without and with essential oils: a controlled study of patients in an acute rheumatologic department].

Unlabelled: Before introducing essential oils in nursing in a whole clinic, a controlled pilot study was performed. Within the study frame, forty voluntary patients of a rheumatology ward in the City Hospital Triemli (Zurich, Switzerland) had each an indicated nursing intervention without and with essential oils. The main criteria of the nursing activities were physical contact between patient and nurse; no medication besides the prescribed ones, same procedure with and without essential oils.

Staging of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in nonchondrodystrophic dogs using low-field magnetic resonance imaging.

Recognition of disc degeneration in vivo is important in the investigation of the pathophysiology of intervertebral disc disease as well as the assessment of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare low-field magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic findings of disc degeneration in the canine caudal lumbar spine. A simple four-stage classification system for disc degeneration is proposed.

Diffusion weighted MR imaging on a low-field open magnet. Comparison with findings at 1.5T in 18 patients with cerebral ischemia.

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is particularly sensitive for the detection of acute stoke. Until recently, DWI was performed with EPI technology. We compared 18 patients with clinical suspicion of acute stroke on a standard 1.

[Quality and quantitative comparison of health status during nursing care before and after basic kinesthesis training in a nuclear and radiotherapy clinic].

Unlabelled: Immediately before and half a year after an introductory course into the principles of kinesthetic nursing the nursing team of the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, City Hospital Triemli (Zurich, Switzerland), was asked to attend a semi-structured interview and nonverbal rating of a selection of important aspects of their physical and mental state during nursing. Eighteen persons had two interviews. The main differences in the second interview compared to the first one are the following: With respect to personal aims at work caring for the patients' well-being had fewer mentions; instead nursing was more often considered a process to which both sides do contribute significantly.

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of a pyocephalus and a suspected brain abscess in a German Shepherd dog.

Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on an eight-year-old, neutered female German Shepherd dog with a history of acute depression, inappetence, and hyperthermia. A lesion in the cerebrum was suspected. Possible differential diagnoses were meningoencephalitis, neoplasia, and vascular lesion (infarction, bleeding).

Metastatic disease of the ureter: patterns of tumoral spread and radiologic findings.

The radiographic and sectional imaging features (ultrasound [US], computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) of ureteral obstruction due to metastatic disease are reviewed. The radiologic findings depend on the pattern of the tumoral spread: hematogenous submucosal/mucosal metastasis, hematogenous adventitia metastases spreading along periureteral vessels, scirrhous metastatic spread along periureteral vessels, or metastatic spread into lymph nodes with perinodal desmoplastic reaction. Solitary or multiple extraluminal obstructions without substantial displacement of the ureter are characteristic.

Impact of dialysis modality on body composition in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Loss of muscle mass and altered body fat distribution (i.e. increased central fat stores in the presence of normal peripheral fat stores) have been reported in patients on hemodialysis (HD), when compared to normal volunteers.

[The value of Doppler ultrasonography in gastroenterology: limitations and possibilities in the assessment of portal venous hypertension and in tumor diagnosis].

Due to technical progress, duplex sonography is growing in diagnostic value in gastrointestinal imaging. Color and pulsed spectral Doppler are the methods of choice in making information on morphologic and physiologic aspects of blood flow available. Amongst the various gastroenterologic applications, two important features are presented and discussed: investigation of the mesenterico-spleno-portal axis in patients with portal venous hypertension, and contributions to evaluation of primary and secondary liver tumors.

[Spectral and color Doppler sonography: technique, possibilities and limitations in uroradiology].

The combined use of 2-D sonography and duplex Doppler sonography is a major advance in diagnostic imaging. In addition to morphologic information, bloodflow may be analyzed and quantified. The aim of this report is to present basic Doppler technology and to discuss present applications and limits in uroradiology.

Enlargement of regional lymph nodes in renal cell carcinoma is often not due to metastases.

Preoperative axial computerized tomography scans in 163 patients with renal cell carcinoma were reviewed to assess the predictive value for the diagnosis of regional lymph node metastases. Computerized tomography was falsely negative in 5 patients: 2 had metastatic lymph nodes in the renal hilus adjacent to the primary tumor measuring 2 and 2.5 cm.

Ultrasonography of testicular tumors.

From 1984 to 1989, 62 patients with palpable testicular tumor were examined with ultrasound before surgical exploration. The ultrasonographic morphology was compared with the histological diagnosis of the tumor. The radiologist's interpretation regarding the type of tumor (seminoma versus nonseminomatous tumor) was correct in 70%.

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in angiomyolipoma of the kidney].

The diagnostic problems are being discussed specifically in 9 patients with angiomyolipoma. Ultrasound and computerised tomography show clear results in tumours with a fatty structure, where angiography is a better method to show vascular elements. Where an inhomogeneous tissue structure is given, an exact diagnosis is only possible by using a combination of different examination methods.

[Radiologic diagnosis of early complications following kidney transplantation].

Postoperative complications after renal transplantation, such as hematomas, abscesses, urinomas, lymphoceles and obstruction of the ureter, can be diagnosed by means of sonography. Early vascular complications, such as venous thrombosis and arterial occlusion or stenosis, can be recognized by duplex sonography and accurately depicted by angiography to allow planning of surgical intervention. Stenosis of the renal artery is amenable to treatment by percutaneous angioplasty.

Impact of physical training on the ultrastructure of midthigh muscle in normal subjects and in patients treated with glucocorticoids.

Exercise-training might be a logical method to reverse muscle atrophy and weakness in patients treated with glucocorticoids. The purpose of the present investigation was to establish whether a treatment with low dose prednisone (10 +/- 2.9 mg/d) modulates the effect of a moderate strength type isokinetic training during 7 wk (21 sessions of 20 min) on "muscle efficiency" (power output/muscle mass) and on concomitant changes in ultrastructure of the thigh muscle measured by quantitative electron-microscopic morphometry.

Distinct distribution of periarticular erosions of the bones of the hand in chronic renal failure.

The frequency of radiological changes of the bones of the hand in 142 patients on hemodialysis, 19 on CAPD, and 15 patients with advanced renal insufficiency not requiring dialysis was analyzed. Forty-seven percent of all patients had subperiostal cortical bone resorptions, 31% periarthritis calcarea, 22% periarticular erosions, 3% chondrocalcinosis and 1% aseptic necrosis. Sixty-six percent of the periarticular erosions were observed in the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers II, III, IV and V, whereas only 33% were found in the remaining joints (120 vs.

Primary or secondary extragonadal germ cell tumors?

We reviewed 16 patients treated for primary extragonadal germ cell tumors whose testes were initially negative for cancer at palpation. Residues compatible with an occult testicular primary, overlooked at the pretreatment examination, were found in 10 of 12 patients with retroperitoneal germ cell tumors, whereas the testes in all 4 patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors showed no pathological signs. Therefore, we conclude that mere palpation to exclude a testicular primary is not sufficient and the testes of patients with so-called extragonadal germ cell tumors should be examined by all available means, at least by high frequency ultrasound.

Hepatic vein occlusion: morphologic features on computed tomography and ultrasonography.

Hepatic vein occlusion causes morphologic changes that can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. In this study the imaging findings of acute, subacute, and chronic occlusion of the hepatic veins were analyzed retrospectively in 9 patients and correlated with the histopathologic changes. The CT findings were focal or scattered hypodense parenchymal lesions of the liver before and a patchy enhancement after intravenous bolus injection of contrast material.