X-ray fluorescence sorting of non-ferrous metal fractions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash processing depending on particle surface properties.

A heavy non-ferrous metal fraction (< 50 mm) of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes from wet-mechanical treatment was separated by screening, magnetic separation and eddy-current separation into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and residual sub-fractions. The non-ferrous metal fractions were divided and subjected to (i) a washing process, (ii) dry abrasion and (iii) no mechanical pre-treatment to study the effect of resulting different surface properties on a subsequent X-ray fluorescence sorting into precious metals, zinc, copper, brass, stainless steel and a residual fraction. The qualities of the X-ray fluorescence output fractions were investigated by chemical analyses (precious metal fraction and the residual fraction), pyrometallurgical tests and subsequent chemical analyses of the metals and slags produced by the melting processes (zinc, copper, brass and stainless steel fraction).

Do the Youth Olympic Games promote Olympism? Analysing a mission (im)possible from a local youth perspective.

On the basis of the Youth Olympic Games (YOG), we assess if and how the youth in the communities of the YOG host cities have been influenced concerning their perception of the Olympic values (OV) and the Olympic movement (OM). Special attention of the study is paid to the analysis of intervention mechanisms which the local youth underwent (e.g.

Required and Elective Experiences During the 4th Year: An Analysis of ACGME Accredited Psychiatry Residency Program Websites.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and describe required and elective components of the 4th post-graduate year (PGY4) in psychiatry residency programs.

Methods: We reviewed the websites of all 193 2014-2015 ACGME accredited psychiatry residency programs for content describing the specific components of the PGY4 year.

Results: Nearly all residency programs (99 %) had some form of required experiences during the PGY4 year.

Impact of the information age on residency training: communication, access to public information, and clinical care.

Access to technology in practice helps physicians manage information, communicate, and research topics; however, those in training receive almost no formal preparation for integrating web-based technologies into practice. One reason for this is that many faculty-aside from junior faculty or those in recent generations-did not grow up using Internet communication, may use it minimally, if at all, in their own practices, and may know little about its forms and varieties. This report presents a case to illustrate how these disparities may play out in the supervisory situation and makes suggestions about helping supervisors integrate technology-awareness into their teaching.

Recruiting researchers in psychiatry: the influence of residency vs. early motivation.

Background: The declining numbers of clinician-researchers in psychiatry and other medical specialties has been a subject of growing concern. Residency training has been cited as an important factor in recruiting new researchers, but there are essentially no data to support this assertion. This study aimed to explore which factors have influenced motivation to conduct research among senior psychiatry residents.

Differential stress-induced neuronal activation patterns in mouse lines selectively bred for high, normal or low anxiety.

There is evidence for a disturbed perception and processing of emotional information in pathological anxiety. Using a rat model of trait anxiety generated by selective breeding, we previously revealed differences in challenge-induced neuronal activation in fear/anxiety-related brain areas between high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety rats. To confirm whether findings generalize to other species, we used the corresponding HAB/LAB mouse model and investigated c-Fos responses to elevated open arm exposure.

The American Board Of Psychiatry and Neurology: historical overview and current perspectives.

The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1934 to serve the public interest and promote excellence in the practice of psychiatry and neurology. The ABPN is one of 24 American Board of Medical Specialties boards that have helped develop processes that identify qualified specialists through rigorous credential and training requirements and successful completion of respective certification examinations. The ABPN has had an enormous influence on the practice of psychiatry in America and the world and this influence continues to grow.

Certification in neuromuscular medicine: a new neurologic subspecialty.

Information is provided concerning the new subspecialty certificate in neuromuscular medicine of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the eligibility requirements for such certification of practicing neurologists and child neurologists. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has approved fellowship training in the subspecialty, and it is likely that residents who wish to pursue a career in neuromuscular medicine will select this training option.

Certification in neuromuscular medicine: a new neurologic subspecialty.

Information is provided concerning the new subspecialty certificate in neuromuscular medicine of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the eligibility requirements for such certification of practicing neurologists and child neurologists. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has approved fellowship training in the subspecialty, and it is likely that residents who wish to pursue a career in neuromuscular medicine will select this training option.

Recruiting and rewarding faculty for medical student teaching.

Objective: Finding time to teach psychiatry has become increasingly difficult. Concurrently, changes in medical student education are elevating demands for teaching. Academic psychiatry is challenged by these pressures to find innovative ways to recruit, retain, and reward faculty for teaching efforts.

Certification in child neurology: new directions for the twenty-first century.

The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology was formed in 1934, and the first certifying examination was administered in 1935. It was not until 1969 that the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology began conducting certifying examinations in child neurology. Since then, 10 child neurologists have served as American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology directors and nearly 1500 child neurologists have been certified, more than 200 of whom have also attained certification in the subspecialties of clinical neurophysiology, neurodevelopmental disabilities, and pain medicine.

Board certification in child neurology and neurology: cohort study.

This study followed the progress of a cohort of child neurology and neurology graduates who sought certification by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). The 211 candidates were recent graduates when they initiated the certification process in October 1994, and 92% of them have achieved certification. First-attempt performances on the Part I and Part II examinations were related; 62% of those certified passed both on their first attempts.

Vascular neurology: a new neurologic subspecialty.

This article presents information about the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology's new subspecialty certificate in vascular neurology, including the requirements for board certification. Practicing neurologists and child neurologists who have a major focus in vascular neurology can apply for the new certificate. In addition, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has approved fellowship training in the subspecialty, and it is likely that residents who wish to pursue a career in vascular neurology will select this training option.

Subspecialty certification by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Objective: The authors describe the approval processes for subspecialties and the mechanisms for certification and recertification and review the status of training programs and numbers of diplomates with subspecialty certification.

Methods: Published information and relevant data bases were reviewed. To date, 5,327 child and adolescent psychiatry, 2,595 geriatric psychiatry, 1,854 addiction psychiatry, and 1,384 forensic psychiatry certificates have been awarded.

Child neurology training via the research pathway: outcome study.

This article describes a residency training track that was developed by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology to promote the career development of child neurologists who wanted to become researchers. In this pathway, 1 year of research in the basic neurosciences replaces 1 year of pediatrics or internal medicine. Since 1992, 38 residents from more than 20 training programs have been accepted into this pathway.

An experiment in graduate medical education: combined residency training in pediatrics, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry.

As an experiment in graduate medical education, a 5-year curriculum in pediatrics, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry was developed and evaluated over a 10-year period. The evaluation results suggested that the program's goal to create a cadre of specialists was achieved in terms of recruitment, performance during training, fostering of clinical reasoning ability, board certification rates, and postgraduate activities. As a result, the American Boards of Pediatrics and of Psychiatry and Neurology decided to make the combined training track permanent, and the numbers of training sites and residents have since been expanded.

Certification in neurodevelopmental disabilities: the development of a new subspecialty and results of the initial examinations.

The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, in collaboration with the American Board of Pediatrics, administered the first Subspecialty Certification Examination in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities to 190 candidates on April 3, 2001, and the second to 80 candidates on April 9, 2002. This report describes the history of the certifying examination including the process of its development and the results of the first and second examination administrations. The purpose of the Certification Examination in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities is to assess knowledge of qualified candidates in the subspecialty.

The implications of core competencies for psychiatric education and practice in the US.

Physician competence is a universal concern, one that Canada and the US have addressed in differing, but also in similar, ways. Focusing on the roles physicians play, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) has implemented a uniform procedure for developing and assessing competencies. The US does not have a parallel body but has instead different organizations responsible for different phases of medical education from residency through practice.

Subspecialty certification in geriatric psychiatry.

Objective: The authors describe the development of certification and recertification processes for geriatric psychiatry, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology's second subspecialty in psychiatry.

Methods: Authors referenced databases of the certifying organizations and consulted published surveys of examinees.

Results: Since the first certification examination was administered in 1991, 2,595 certificates have been awarded.

Achieving board certification in psychiatry: a cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to track the progress of a cohort of graduates of psychiatry residency training programs in achieving certification by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). These data provide a detailed picture of how recent graduates perform on the ABPN's examinations.

Method: The subjects for this study were the 739 new candidates who sat for the part I examination in fall 1994.

Intrasubject repeatability of gait analysis data in normal and spastic children.

Objective: To evaluate intrasubject repeatability of data obtained from computer-aided motion analysis in normal and spastic children.

Design: Prospective controlled study.

Background: Information from gait analysis is used in selecting therapeutic interventions for gait improvement in cerebral palsy.