Cutaneous wart-associated HPV types: prevalence and relation with patient characteristics.

Background: Epidemiological data on cutaneous wart-associated HPV types are rare.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of cutaneous wart-associated HPV types and their relation with patient characteristics.

Study Design: Swabs were taken from all 744 warts of 246 consecutive immunocompetent participants and analysed by a broad spectrum HSL-PCR/MPG assay.

Lesional HPV types of cutaneous warts can be reliably identified by surface swabs.

Background: Large numbers of HPV types infect the human skin and members from the HPV genera alpha, gamma and mu are associated with cutaneous warts.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test if the HPV genotypes in swabs of the overlying skin are identical to the types present within these warts.

Study Design: To this purpose, 25 persons being treated for persistent cutaneous warts were enrolled.

A case-control study of betapapillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients.

We examined the association between betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in organ transplant recipients. A total of 210 organ transplant recipients with previous SCC and 394 controls without skin cancer were included. The presence of 25 betaPV types in plucked eyebrow hairs was determined using a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping assay, and antibodies for the 15 most prevalent betaPV types were detected using multiplex serology.

Marked differences in Betapapillomavirus DNA and antibody prevalence between patients with psoriasis and those with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Recent studies revealed that Betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infections are highly prevalent. Skin diseases such as psoriasis, characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and atopic dermatitis (AD), dominated by cutaneous inflammation, might have an impact on viral life cycle and immune response induction.

Objectives: To investigate whether betaPV infection is different in psoriasis and AD.

Multicenter study of the association between betapapillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomaviruses (betaPV) from the beta genus cannot be classified according to their oncogenicity due to a paucity of information. This study evaluates the association between betaPV infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in conjunction with measures of UV exposure and susceptibility. We performed case-control studies in the Netherlands, Italy, and Australia, countries with profoundly different UV exposures.

Evaluation of a novel broad-spectrum PCR-multiplex genotyping assay for identification of cutaneous wart-associated human papillomavirus types.

A large number of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, distributed over five papillomavirus genera, are detectable in the skin. HPV types belonging to the alpha, gamma, and mu genera have been detected in cutaneous warts. A state-of-the-art HPV genotyping assay for these cutaneous wart-associated HPV types does not exist although warts constitute a highly prevalent skin condition, especially in children (33%) and organ transplant recipients (45%).

Betapapillomavirus infection profiles in tissue sets from cutaneous squamous cell-carcinoma patients.

Human papillomaviruses from the genus beta (betaPV) are a possible cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We compared the betaPV infections in SCC and in sets of cutaneous tissues collected from a series of individual SCC patients to determine concordance and to assess the adequacy of eyebrow hairs as noninvasive markers of betaPV infection. Biopsies of SCC tumors, perilesional tissue, normal skin from the mirror image of nonfacial SCC and plucked eyebrow hairs were collected from 21 patients with incident SCC living in Queensland, Australia.

Presence of beta human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancer from organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients in the West of Scotland.

Background: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been linked to cutaneous human papillomaviruses of the genus beta (betaPV).

Objectives: We sought to assess the presence of betaPV in NMSC biopsies from a group of Scottish skin cancer patients, both immunocompetent (IC) patients and immunosuppressed (IS) organ transplant recipients.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-one paraffin-embedded skin tumours (27 actinic keratosis, 41 intraepidermal carcinoma, 53 squamous cell carcinoma) and 11 normal skin samples were analysed for the presence of betaPV by a polymerase chain reaction-reverse hybridization assay designed to detect the presence of the 25 known betaPV genotypes.

Prevalence and associated factors of betapapillomavirus infections in individuals without cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infections are often associated with squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and the prevalence of betaPV infections in (immunosuppressed) SCC patients is known to be high. The distribution and possible associated factors of betaPV infections in the general population, however, are largely unknown. To address this issue, betaPV infection was studied in 1405 SCC-free immunocompetent (n=845) and immunosuppressed (n=560) individuals from six countries of different latitudes.

Betapapillomaviruses: innocent bystanders or causes of skin cancer.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are found in almost all squamous epithelia where they can cause hyperproliferative disease of mucosa and skin. Mucosal HPV types, such as HPV6 and HPV16, are known to cause anogenital warts and dysplasia or neoplasia, respectively. These HPV types have been studied extensively, and for some of them recently preventive vaccines have become available.

Specific betapapillomaviruses associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin inhibit UVB-induced apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes.

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between infections by specific betapapillomaviruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) types 5 and 8, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The role of betapapillomaviruses in the development of cutaneous SCC is, however, still enigmatic. The ability to inhibit UVB-induced apoptosis, as demonstrated for HPV5 in vitro, may be important in this respect, as survival of DNA-damaged and mutated cells increases the risk of transformation.

Betapapillomaviruses frequently persist in the skin of healthy individuals.

Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) belonging to the genus Betapapillomavirus have been linked to the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. Although persistence is expected, systematic investigation of this aspect of betapapillomavirus (beta-PV) infection has not been conducted. This study investigated the prevalence and persistence of 25 known beta-PV types in the skin of immunocompetent individuals.

Evaluation of a novel highly sensitive, broad-spectrum PCR-reverse hybridization assay for detection and identification of beta-papillomavirus DNA.

Human papillomavirus can be detected by amplification of viral DNA. A novel one-step PCR (PM-PCR) was evaluated for amplification of a 117-bp fragment from the E1 region. It permitted ultrasensitive detection of all 25 known human papillomavirus genotypes from the beta-papillomavirus genus.

Markers of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection in individuals with tumor-free skin, actinic keratoses, and squamous cell carcinoma.

Separately, actinic keratosis (AK) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been associated with cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. To further explore the association between HPV infection and SCC development, we determined markers of cutaneous HPV infection within a single population in persons with precursor lesions (AK), cancerous lesions (SCC), and without. Serum and plucked eyebrow hairs were collected from 57 tumor-free controls, 126 AK, and 64 SCC cases.

HPV DNA detection and typing in inapparent cutaneous infections and premalignant lesions.

Epidemiological studies, which address the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of (pre)malignant cutaneous lesions, focus on the HPV B1 subgroup comprising the so-called epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)-associated HPV types. To detect and type HPV DNA in human materials, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based assays are used. In this chapter, a nested, broad-spectrum PCR method using a mixture of primers and a type-specific PCR using specific primers are described.

[Human papillomavirus in the aetiology of skin cancer].

At present, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is chiefly known for its causal relationship with cervical cancer. Apart from genital types, the papillomavirus family consists of numerous human cutaneous types. The majority belongs to the so-called epidermodysplasia-verruciformis(EV)-HPV types that are potentially involved in skin cancer development.

Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs is associated with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

A role for cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been proposed in the development of skin cancer. Well-designed epidemiologic studies to demonstrate an association between HPV infection and skin cancer are extremely rare. To identify HPV infection as a potential risk factor, we investigated the association between the presence of HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs and a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Seroreactivity to epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related human papillomavirus types is associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer.

DNA from epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related human papillomavirus (EV-HPV) types is frequently found in nonmelanoma skin cancer (squamous and basal cell carcinoma). Epidemiological studies that investigate the relation between EV-HPV infection and nonmelanoma skin cancer are scarce. We designed a case-control study in which we looked for HPV infection in 540 cases with a history of skin cancer and 333 controls.

Human papillomavirus infection and skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients.

Warts and squamous cell carcinomas are important cutaneous complications in organ transplant recipients. The role of infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. An extremely diverse group of HPV types, mainly consisting of epidermodysplasia-verruciformis (EV)-associated HPV types, can be detected in benign, premalignant, and malignant skin lesions of organ transplant recipients.

MICA gene polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk for skin cancer.

The MICA gene encodes for major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related proteins (MIC), which belong to a recently identified new family of nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecules. The general structure of the MICA molecule resembles that of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. MIC molecules are considered to be stress-induced antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which play an important role in the surveillance of transformed infected and damaged cells.

Transduction of the E6 and E7 genes of epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomaviruses alters human keratinocyte growth and differentiation in organotypic cultures.

Epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papilloma virus DNA has been detected in skin cancers, in premalignant and benign skin lesions, and in plucked hairs from immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. The role of epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papilloma virus in the pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer is still enigmatic. In organotypic cultures we investigated the effects of retroviral transduction of the E6 and E7 genes of epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papilloma virus types 5, 12, 15, 17, 20, and 38 on the growth and differentiation of human keratinocytes.

Antibodies against human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins in cervicovaginal washings and serum of patients with cervical neoplasia.

Serum antibodies against the E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of local antibodies against HPV in cervicovaginal washings (CWs). In this study antibodies against the native HPV16 and HPV18 E6/E7 proteins were detectable in CWs (48%) and sera (29%) from patients with cervical cancer (n = 21) utilizing a sandwich protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Association between epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hair and solar keratoses.

Epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA has been demonstrated in squamous cell carcinomas and plucked hair from immunocompetent patients and renal transplant recipients. This study investigated the association between infection with epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus, identified by the detection of viral DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs, and solar keratoses. These lesions are strongly predictive of squamous cell carcinoma.

Cytokines in cervicovaginal washing fluid from patients with cervical neoplasia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections play an important role in the development of cervical neoplasia. To get to a better understanding of the role of cytokines in the development of these neoplasias, we analysed the presence of various cytokines in cervicovaginal washings of healthy volunteers (n=22), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients (n=63) and cervical cancer patients (n=33). IL-12p40, IL-10, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in patients with cervical cancer than in controls and CIN patients.

Inhibition of human papillomavirus-16 long control region activity by interferon-gamma overcome by p300 overexpression.

Although interferons (IFNs) are currently used in the treatment of various human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that IFN-gamma was a strong inhibitor of HPV-16 long control region (LCR) activity in two human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The effect of IFN-gamma was dose dependent.