Engagement with emotional concerns in general practice: a thematic analysis of GP consultations.

Background: Emotional concerns (defined as any expression of low mood, anxiety, or psychosocial stress) are an important part of the biopsychosocial care model used in modern medical practice. Previous work has demonstrated variable engagement with emotional concerns and that improved communication has been associated with reductions in emotional distress.

Aim: To examine how emotional concerns are engaged with during routine GP consultations.

Peripersonal encoding of forelimb proprioception in the mouse somatosensory cortex.

Conscious perception of limb movements depends on proprioceptive neural responses in the somatosensory cortex. In contrast to tactile sensations, proprioceptive cortical coding is barely studied in the mammalian brain and practically non-existent in rodent research. To understand the cortical representation of this important sensory modality we developed a passive forelimb displacement paradigm in behaving mice and also trained them to perceptually discriminate where their limb is moved in space.

Benchmarking against the MOMS Trial: Zurich Results of Open Fetal Surgery for Spina Bifida.

Introduction: The Management of Myelomeningocele Study, a.k.a.

Total cerebrovascular blood flow and whole brain perfusion in children sedated using propofol with or without ketamine at induction: An investigation with 2D-Cine PC and ASL.

Background: Multiple sedation regimes may be used to facilitate pediatric MRI scans. These regimes might affect cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics to varying degrees, particularly in children who may be vulnerable to anesthetic side effects.

Purpose: To compare the effects of propofol monosedation solely (Pm group) vs.

Health-related quality of life in pre-school age children with single-ventricle CHD.

Background: Little is known about health-related quality of life in young children undergoing staged palliation for single-ventricle CHD. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CHD on daily life in pre-schoolers with single-ventricle CHD and to identify determinants of health-related quality of life.

Method: Prospective two-centre cohort study assessing health-related quality of life using the Preschool Paediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory in 46 children at a mean age of 38 months and 3 weeks.

Comparison of DTI analysis methods for clinical research: influence of pre-processing and tract selection methods.

Background: The primary aim was to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived with different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis approaches (atlas-based, streamline tractography, and combined). A secondary aim was to compare FA values and number of tracts (NT) with the clinical motor outcome quantified by the functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM).

Methods: Thirty-nine DTI datasets of children with acquired brain injury were analysed.

Inclusion Cysts after Fetal Spina Bifida Repair: A Third Hit?

Introduction: Fetal spina bifida repair (fSBR) has proven effective in the reversibility of hindbrain herniation, lower rate of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, and independent ambulation. Besides distinct advantages, there are also concerns related to fSBR. One of these is the postnatal occurrence of inclusion cysts (IC).

Sedation for magnetic resonance imaging using propofol with or without ketamine at induction in pediatrics-A prospective randomized double-blinded study.

Introduction: Deep sedation using propofol has become a standard technique in children. This double-blinded randomized clinical trial aims to compare the clinical effects of propofol-mono-sedation vs a combination of propofol and ketamine at induction and a reduced propofol infusion rate for maintenance in children undergoing diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Children aged from 3 months to 10 years scheduled as outpatients for elective magnetic resonance imaging with deep sedation were included.

Microvascular perfusion of the placenta, developing fetal liver, and lungs assessed with intravoxel incoherent motion imaging.

Background: In utero intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-MRI) provides a novel method for examining microvascular perfusion fraction and diffusion in the developing human fetus.

Purpose: To characterize gestational changes in the microvascular perfusion fraction of the placenta, fetal liver, and lungs using IVIM-MRI.

Study Type: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Reduction of brain volumes after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in single-ventricle congenital heart disease before Fontan completion.

BackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between brain volumes and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age in children with single-ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD). We hypothesized that reduced brain volumes may be associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.MethodsVolumetric segmentation of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was carried out in 44 patients without genetic comorbidities and in 8 controls.

diffusion tensor imaging of the fetal brain: A reproducibility study.

Our purpose was to evaluate the within-subject reproducibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and the visibility of major white matter structures. Images for 30 fetuses (20-33. postmenstrual weeks, normal neurodevelopment: 6 cases, cerebral pathology: 24 cases) were acquired on 1.

Elevated APOBEC3B expression drives a kataegic-like mutation signature and replication stress-related therapeutic vulnerabilities in p53-defective cells.

Background: Elevated APOBEC3B expression in tumours correlates with a kataegic pattern of localised hypermutation. We assessed the cellular phenotypes associated with high-level APOBEC3B expression and the influence of p53 status on these phenotypes using an isogenic system.

Methods: We used RNA interference of p53 in cells with inducible APOBEC3B and assessed DNA damage response (DDR) biomarkers.

Evolution of posterior fossa and brain morphology after in utero repair of open neural tube defects assessed by MRI.

Objectives: To describe characteristics of foetuses undergoing in utero repair of open neural tube defects (ONTD) and assess postoperative evolution of posterior fossa and brain morphology.

Methods: Analysis of pre- and postoperative foetal as well as neonatal MRI of 27 foetuses who underwent in utero repair of ONTD. Type and level of ONTD, hindbrain configuration, posterior fossa and liquor space dimensions, and detection of associated findings were compared between MRI studies and to age-matched controls.

SMCHD1 mutations associated with a rare muscular dystrophy can also cause isolated arhinia and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome.

Arhinia, or absence of the nose, is a rare malformation of unknown etiology that is often accompanied by ocular and reproductive defects. Sequencing of 40 people with arhinia revealed that 84% of probands harbor a missense mutation localized to a constrained region of SMCHD1 encompassing the ATPase domain. SMCHD1 mutations cause facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 (FSHD2) via a trans-acting loss-of-function epigenetic mechanism.

Intra-voxel incoherent motion MRI of the living human foetus: technique and test-retest repeatability.

Background: Our purpose was to test the within-subject (test-retest) reproducibility of the perfusion fraction, diffusion coefficient, and pseudo-diffusion coefficient measurements in various foetus organs and in the placenta based on the intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) principle.

Methods: In utero diffusion-weighted IVIM magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 15 pregnant women (pregnancy age 21-36 weeks) on 1.5-T and 3.

Structural cerebral abnormalities and neurodevelopmental status in single ventricle congenital heart disease before Fontan procedure.

Objectives: Neonates with single ventricle congenital heart disease are at risk for structural cerebral abnormalities. Little is known about the further evolution of cerebral abnormalities until Fontan procedure.

Methods: Between August 2012 and July 2015, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional two centre study using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuro-developmental outcome assessed by the Bayley-III.

Delayed cortical gray matter development in neonates with severe congenital heart disease.

Background: This study aimed to assess cortical gray matter growth and maturation in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods: Thirty-one (near) term neonates with severe CHD (8 univentricular heart malformation (UVH), 21 d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) and 2 aortic coarctation) underwent cerebral MRI before (postnatal-day 7) and after (postnatal-day 24) surgery. Eighteen controls with similar gestational age had one MRI (postnatal-day 23).

Diffusion tensor imaging predicts motor outcome in children with acquired brain injury.

Background: Rehabilitation in children with acquired brain injury is a challenging endeavour. There is a large variability in motor recovery between patients, and a need to optimize therapies by exploiting cerebral plasticity and recovery mechanisms. This retrospective study aims to identify tract-based markers that could serve as predictors of functional outcome following rehabilitation.

Comparison of automated brain volumetry methods with stereology in children aged 2 to 3 years.

Introduction: The accurate and precise measurement of brain volumes in young children is important for early identification of children with reduced brain volumes and an increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairment. Brain volumes can be measured from cerebral MRI (cMRI), but most neuroimaging tools used for cerebral segmentation and volumetry were developed for use in adults and have not been validated in infants or young children. Here, we investigate the feasibility and accuracy of three automated software methods (i.

Cerebellar Bottom-of-Fissure Dysplasia-a Novel Cerebellar Gray Matter Neuroimaging Pattern.

We report on seven patients with a novel neuroimaging finding that involves exclusively the cerebellar gray matter at the bottom of several fissures of both hemispheres but spares the vermis. The abnormal fissures were predominantly located in the lower and lateral parts of the cerebellar hemispheres. The affected cerebellar cortex was hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequences.

Detection of uracil within DNA using a sensitive labeling method for in vitro and cellular applications.

The role of uracil in genomic DNA has been recently re-evaluated. It is now widely accepted to be a physiologically important DNA element in diverse systems from specific phages to antibody maturation and Drosophila development. Further relevant investigations would largely benefit from a novel reliable and fast method to gain quantitative and qualitative information on uracil levels in DNA both in vitro and in situ, especially since current techniques does not allow in situ cellular detection.