Neuromodulation Systems in the Setting of Cochlear Implant Treatment Based on Case Reports and Literature Review.

Objectives: Cochlear implants are an established and proved method for auditory rehabilitation. In addition, neuromodulation systems for treating severe movement and pain disorders are gaining importance. To date, there is limited information regarding the concurrent use of the various implanted systems and potential electromagnetic interferences.

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the setting of cochlear implantation: a retrospective analysis of 700 cases.

Purpose: Postoperative wound infections after cochlear implantation are rare but sometimes serious and can lead to explantation. Therefore, perioperative antibiotic administration is often recommended. However, in clinical practice, the type and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis varies between different centers.

Toward an interoperable, intraoperative situation recognition system via process modeling, execution, and control using the standards BPMN and CMMN.

Purpose: For the modeling, execution, and control of complex, non-standardized intraoperative processes, a modeling language is needed that reflects the variability of interventions. As the established Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) reaches its limits in terms of flexibility, the Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) was considered as it addresses weakly structured processes.

Methods: To analyze the suitability of the modeling languages, BPMN and CMMN models of a Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Cochlea Implantation were derived and integrated into a situation recognition workflow.

-Associated Multiple Synostoses Syndrome Type 3 in a Multigenerational Family.

Multiple synostoses syndrome (OMIM: #186500, #610017, #612961, #617898) is a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant diseases characterized by abnormal bone unions. The joint fusions frequently involve the hands, feet, elbows or vertebrae. Pathogenic variants in have been associated with multiple synostoses syndrome type 3 (SYNS3).

[Cochlear nerve continuity preservation during retrosigmoid ablative osteotomy of the internal auditory canal for advanced vestibular schwannomas].

The data of 86 patients with retrosigmoid microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma in tumor stage Koos II-IV were evaluated. In more than two thirds of the cases it was shown that the cochlear nerve followed the facial nerve, which is easily identified by electroneurography, in recurrent similar patterns in the region of the internal auditory canal. Starting from the fundus, this facilitated early identification and thus preservation of continuity of the cochlear nerve in the course of the internal auditory canal.

[Interdisciplinary surgery to the central skull base-current status].

Background: The skull base is a surgically complex unit and is often only accessible via combined access routes. Newly developed surgical techniques using microsurgical visualization procedures and active instruments ("powered instruments") as well as multiport accesses enable new, less traumatic surgical corridors. This requires close interdisciplinary cooperation between ENT and neurosurgeons.

Accreditation and certification of Skull Base Centres in Germany by the Society for Skull Base Surgery (Gesellschaft für Schädelbasischirurgie, GSB).

The German Society for Skull Base Surgery (Gesellschaft für Schädelbasischirurgie, GSB) has developed a protocol for the certification of GSB skull base centres. The development of such a protocol has led to numerous open and sometimes controversial discussions among the GSB members. The various critical discussion points will be reviewed and the ensuing results, which will then be included in the accreditation protocol, presented.

[Accreditation and certification of skull base centres in Germany by the German Society for Skull Base Surgery (Gesellschaft für Schädelbasischirurgie, GSB). German version].

The German Society for Skull Base Surgery (Gesellschaft für Schädelbasischirurgie, GSB) has developed a protocol for the certification of GSB skull base centres. The development of such a protocol has led to numerous open and sometimes controversial discussions among the GSB members. The various critical discussion points will be reviewed and the ensuing results, which will then be included in the accreditation protocol, presented.

Diastereomeric quinolinone alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium janczewskii.

From Penicillium janczewskii, obtained from a marine sample, two new diastereomeric quinolinones, 3S,4R-dihydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (1) and 3R,4R-dihydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (2), were identified, along with two known alkaloids, peniprequinolone (3) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (4). Cytotoxicity testing on eight tumor cell lines revealed a moderate specificity of 2 on SKOV-3 cells.

Sorbicillactone A: a structurally unprecedented bioactive novel-type alkaloid from a sponge-derived fungus.

This chapter deals with the discovery of sorbicillactone A, as an illustrative example of the fruitful cooperation within BIOTECmarin--its isolation and chemical characterization, and its biological activities. Sorbicillactone A was isolated from a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from a sample of the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia fasciculata; it possesses a unique bicyclic lactone structure, seemingly derived from sorbicillin. Among the numerous known sorbicillin-derived structures, it is the first found to contain nitrogen and thus the first representative of a novel type of 'sorbicillin alkaloids', apparently originating from a likewise remarkable biosynthesis.

New natural products from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus niger.

Fractionation of the EtOAc extract of a static culture of Aspergillus niger isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella damicornis yielded eight secondary metabolites, out of which seven compounds (2-8) proved to be new natural products, whereas one was identified as the known fungal pigment cycloleucomelone (1). The new compounds included the 3,3'-bicoumarin bicoumanigrin (2), the structurally unusual 4-benzyl-1H-pyridin-6-one derivatives aspernigrins A and B (3 and 4), and pyranonigrins A-D (5-8), the latter featuring a novel pyrano[3,2-b]pyrrole skeleton hitherto unprecedented in nature. All structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic studies ((1)H, (13)C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOE difference spectra) and mass spectral analysis.

Petrosifungins A and B, novel cyclodepsipeptides from a sponge-derived strain of Penicillium brevicompactum.

A strain of Penicillium brevicompactum derived from a specimen of the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis was investigated for its secondary metabolites. Using fast centrifugal partitioning chromatography (FCPC) two previously unknown cyclodepsipeptides, petrosifungins A (1) and B (2), were isolated, both containing two neighboring units of the nonproteinogenic amino acid l-pipecolinic acid. The absolute configurations of all amino acids were established to be l using GITC derivatization and Marfey's method.

New communesin derivatives from the fungus Penicillium sp. derived from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa.

The ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium sp., derived from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa, yielded the known compound communesin B (1) and its new congeners communesins C (2) and D (3), as well as the known compounds griseofulvin, dechlorogriseofulvin, and oxaline. All structures were unambiguously established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS data.

Evariquinone, isoemericellin, and stromemycin from a sponge derived strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor.

From a strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor derived from the marine sponge Haliclona valliculata, two new natural products, evariquinone and isoemericellin, were isolated after HPLC-UV, -MS, and -NMR studies of the extract and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. Evariquinone showed antiproliferative activity towards KB and NCI-H460 cells at a concentration of 3.16 microg/ml.

Online analysis of xestodecalactones A-C, novel bioactive metabolites from the fungus Penicillium cf. montanense and their subsequent isolation from the sponge Xestospongia exigua.

Fungal isolates of Penicillium cf. montanense were obtained from the marine sponge Xestospongia exiguacollected from the Bali Sea, Indonesia. Culture filtrates of the fungi yielded three novel decalactone metabolites, xestodecalactones A, B, and C (1, 2a, and 2b), consisting of 10-membered macrolides with a fused 1,3-dihydroxybenzene ring.

Anthraquinones and betaenone derivatives from the sponge-associated fungus Microsphaeropsis species: novel inhibitors of protein kinases.

An undescribed fungus of the genus Microsphaeropsis, isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba, produces two new betaenone derivatives (1, 2) and three new 1,3,6, 8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone congeners (5-7). The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data and by CD spectroscopy. This is the first report wherein the (1)H and (13)C NMR data of the betaenone congeners are fully and unambiguously assigned on the basis of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Molecular phylogeny of labyrinthulids and thraustochytrids based on the sequencing of 18S ribosomal RNA gene.

Labyrinthulids and thraustochytrids are unicellular heterotrophs, formerly considered as fungi, but presently are recognized as members in the stramenopiles of the kingdom Protista sensu lato. We determined the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 14 strains from different species of the six genera and analyzed the molecular phylogenetic relationships. The results conflict with the current classification based on morphology, at the genus and species levels.