Improved acylated ghrelin suppression at 2 years in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: effects of bariatric surgery vs standard medical therapy.

Objective: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) produces more durable glycemic control than sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or intensive medical therapy (IMT). However, the contribution of acylated ghrelin (AG), a gluco-regulatory/appetite hormone, to improve glucose metabolism and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) following RYGB is unknown.

Design: STAMPEDE (Surgical Treatment and Medication Potentially Eradicate Diabetes Efficiently) was a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To quantify the overall effects of bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical treatment for obesity.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis based on a random effects model.

Data Sources: Searches of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to December 2012 regardless of language or publication status.

Can diabetes be surgically cured? Long-term metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Evaluate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remission and metabolic risk factors.

Background: Although the impressive antidiabetic effects of bariatric surgery have been shown in short- and medium-term studies, the durability of these effects is uncertain. Specifically, long-term remission rates following bariatric surgery are largely unknown.

Three years of operation of North America's first nutrient recovery facility.

The first full-scale nutrient recovery installation in North America became operational in May 2009 at the Clean Water Service's Durham Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tigard, Oregon. Recovering ammonia and phosphorus from the dewatering side stream as struvite has a positive impact on plant operations. Significantly reducing the phosphorus recycle lowers the phosphorus loading on the plant, stabilizes biological phosphorus removal, reduces the amount of chemicals needed to remove phosphorus, reduces both the dry tonnes of biosolids generated and the phosphorus content of the biosolids, and provides revenue from the sale of the struvite.

Imaging evaluation of laparoscopic greater curvature plication: preliminary observations.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to assess normal imaging findings and complications after laparoscopic greater curvature plication on luminal upper gastrointestinal studies and CT.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 24 adults who underwent laparoscopic greater curvature plication between 2008 and 2011. Seventeen patients (70.

Refining the interpretation of near-infrared band shapes in a polyynediyl molecular wire.

Spinning to improve (band) shape: A blend of theoretical and experimental work demonstrates that the rotational conformation of mixed-valence complexes influences the low-energy (NIR) transitions in such molecules. Interpretations of the NIR band shapes are presented.

Revisional bariatric surgery for unsuccessful weight loss and complications.

Background: There are growing numbers of patients who require revisional bariatric surgery due to the undesirable results of their primary procedures. The aim of this study was to review our experience with bariatric patients undergoing revisional surgery.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis to review the indications for revisional bariatric procedures and assess their postoperative outcomes.

Mice lacking C1q are protected from high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis.

Complement activation is implicated in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and loss of signaling by the anaphylatoxin C3a prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. Here we have identified C1q in the classical pathway as required for activation of complement in response to high fat diets. After 8 weeks of high fat diet, wild-type mice became obese and developed glucose intolerance.

Ghrelin suppression is associated with weight loss and insulin action following gastric bypass surgery at 12 months in obese adults with type 2 diabetes.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery reverses type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in approximately 80% of patients. Ghrelin regulates glucose homeostasis, but its role in T2DM remission after RYGB surgery is unclear. Nine obese T2DM subjects underwent a mixed meal tolerance test before and at 1 and 12 months after RYGB surgery.

Endoscopic suturing for transoral outlet reduction increases weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background & Aims: Weight regain or insufficient loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is common. This is partially attributable to dilatation of the gastrojejunostomy (GJ), which diminishes the restrictive capacity of RYGB. Endoluminal interventions for GJ reduction are being explored as alternatives to revision surgery.

The effect of selective gut stimulation on glucose metabolism after gastric bypass in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat model.

Background: Potential mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) include altered nutrient exposure in the gut. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selective gut stimulation on glucose metabolism in an obese diabetic rat model.

Methods: Sixteen male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: RYGB with gastrostomy tube (GT) insertion into the excluded stomach or a control group with GT insertion into the stomach.

Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes: analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of two bariatric procedures versus intensive medical therapy (IMT) on β-cell function and body composition.

Research Design And Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of 60 subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 9.7 ± 1%) and moderate obesity (BMI 36 ± 2 kg/m(2)) randomized to IMT alone, IMT plus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or IMT plus sleeve gastrectomy.

Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing a naphthalimide fragment: a modular dye platform for the dye-sensitized solar cell.

Cycloruthenated complexes of the type [Ru(II)(N^N)2(C^N)](+) (N^N = substituted 2,2'-bipyridine; C^N = substituted 3-(2'-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthalimide ligand) are shown to generate high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). It is shown that substitution of the pyridine ring of the C^N ligand with conjugated groups can enhance molar absorption extinction coefficients, while the electron density imparted on the metal center is alleviated by the 1,8-naphthalimide fragment. This latter feature maintains a Ru(III)/Ru(II) redox couple more positive than 0.

The safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a novel silicone gel dressing following dermatological surgery.

Silicone gel has for many years had a primary role in the treatment and prevention of abnormal scars, in the form of hypertrophic scars and keloids after epithelialization. The authors report preliminary findings on the use of a new, medical-grade, film-forming silicone gel dressing approved for use on open wounds and injured skin as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments prior to re-epithelialization. An observational study involving 105 patients examined the silicone gel's effectiveness in promoting accelerated epithelialization, reducing the inflammatory response and in the prevention of scarring.

Stabilization of ruthenium sensitizers to TiO2 surfaces through cooperative anchoring groups.

Cooperative binding of a bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complex to a TiO(2) surface through carboxylate and phosphonate groups is demonstrated to be an effective method for achieving a robust anchoring motif in aqueous media while maintaining charge transfer from the dye into the semiconductor. The realization of these complementary goals has broad implications for solar cells and (photo)electrocatalytic schemes.

Modification of electrode surfaces by self-assembled monolayers of thiol-terminated oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s.

The wire-like properties of four S-(4-{2-[4-(2-phenylethynyl)phenyl]ethynyl}phenyl) thioacetate derivatives, PhC≡CC(6)H(4)C≡CC(6)H(4)SAc (1), H(2)NC(6)H(4)C≡CC(6)H(4)C≡CC(6)H(4)SAc (2), PhC≡CC(6)H(2)(OMe)(2)C≡CC(6)H(4)SAc (3) and AcSC(6)H(4)C≡CC(6)H(4)C≡CC(6)H(4)SAc (4) (Figure 1), all of which possess a high degree of conjugation along the oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) backbone, were investigated as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold and platinum electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The redox probe [Fe(CN)(6)](4)(-) was used in both the CV and impedance experiments. The results indicate that the thiolates derived from thioacetate-protected precursor molecules 1 and 2 form well-ordered monolayers on a gold electrode, whereas SAMs derived from 3 and 4 exhibit randomly distributed pinholes.

Effects of bariatric surgery on diabetic nephropathy after 5 years of follow-up.

Background: Studies have reported that the benefits of bariatric surgery extend beyond durable weight loss and include significant improvement in glycemic control. We hypothesized that improving diabetes control may have positive effects on end-organ complications of this disease, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: We identified all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent bariatric surgery at our institution and had completed a 5-year follow-up.

Bariatric surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Data regarding the management of bariatric patients with cirrhosis are scarce, and there is no strong evidence that supports a specific approach for this group of patients. The aim of this study was to review our experience with cirrhotic patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed to assess the outcomes of bariatric surgery for patients with known cirrhosis and for patients with cirrhosis discovered at surgery (unknown cirrhosis).

Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review.

Purpose: To quantify the impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and on cardiac structure and function.

Data Sources: Three major databases (PubMed, Medline and Cochrane) were searched for original studies written in English.

Study Selection: Original articles reporting CV risk factors or non-invasive imaging parameters for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, from January 1950 to June 2012.

Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity and diabetes: weight loss and control of hyperglycemia.

Obesity is associated with a variety of weight-related metabolic comorbidities. Bariatric surgery (metabolic/gastrointestinal surgery) not only achieves significant and sustainable weight loss, but also induces extraordinary effects on nearly all obesity-related comorbidities, particularly remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms underlying such effects are slowly being elucidated, and it appears that the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery are not only attributable to weight loss, but there are also weight independent mechanisms at play.

Equivalent weight loss with marked metabolic benefit observed in a matched cohort with and without type 2 diabetes 12 months following gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery results in dramatic weight loss and improves metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, previous studies have noted that morbidly obese patients with T2DM experience less weight loss benefits than non-diabetic patients following bariatric surgery. We sought to determine longitudinal effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on percent excess body mass index (BMI) loss (%EBMIL) and clinical metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with T2DM compared with appropriately matched cohort without T2DM.

Surgical management of early small bowel obstruction after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Limited data are available regarding early postoperative small bowel obstruction (SBO) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). The aim of the present study was to review our experience with early SBO after LRYGB. The setting was a tertiary referral bariatric center.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for super obese patients: forty-eight percent excess weight loss after 6 to 8 years with 93% follow-up.

Objectives: In this study, we report long-term outcomes of high-risk, high-BMI (body mass index) patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Background: Short- and medium-term data appear to support the effectiveness of LSG, but long-term data to support its durability are sparse.

Methods: A prospective database was reviewed on all high-risk patients who underwent LSG as part of a staged approach for surgical treatment of severe obesity between January 2002 and February 2004.