Revised mechanism of hydroxyurea-induced cell cycle arrest and an improved alternative.

Replication stress describes endogenous and exogenous challenges to DNA replication in the S-phase. Stress during this critical process causes helicase-polymerase decoupling at replication forks, triggering the S-phase checkpoint, which orchestrates global replication fork stalling and delayed entry into G2. The replication stressor most often used to induce the checkpoint response in yeast is hydroxyurea (HU), a clinically used chemotherapeutic.

Parietal theta burst TMS does not modulate bistable perception.

The role of the parietal cortex in perceptual awareness and in resolving perceptual ambiguity is unsettled. Early influential transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have revealed differences in conscious perception following parietal stimulation, fuelling the notion that parietal cortex causally contributes to resolving perceptual ambiguity. However, central to this conclusion is the reliability of the method employed.

Revised Mechanism of Hydroxyurea Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and an Improved Alternative.

Replication stress describes various types of endogenous and exogenous challenges to DNA replication in S-phase. Stress during this critical process results in helicase-polymerase decoupling at replication forks, triggering the S-phase checkpoint, which orchestrates global replication fork stalling and delayed entry into G2. The replication stressor most often used to induce the checkpoint response is hydroxyurea (HU), a chemotherapeutic agent.

Fine micro- and nanoplastics concentrations in particulate matter samples from the high alpine site Sonnblick, Austria.

We report atmospheric fine micro- and nanoplastics concentrations from particulate matter (PM) samples of two size fractions (PM, fine micro- and nanoplastics, and PM, nanoplastics), which were collected at the remote high alpine station Sonnblick Observatory, Austria. Active sampling was performed from June 2021 until April 2022. Analysis was done using TD-PTR-MS to detect 6 different plastic types.

Cannabis Retail Market Indicators in Five Legal States in the United States: A Public Health Perspective.

Purpose: Adult-use cannabis markets are operating in multiple US states and abroad. Sales and licensing data for alcohol and tobacco are often used to understand consumption patterns and evaluate policy changes. Cannabis market data may provide similar insights, although these newly legal markets are complex and evolving, and the state data structures can differ.

A Research Agenda to Inform Cannabis Regulation: How Science Can Shape Policy.

In the United States, changes to cannabis policy have outpaced scientific knowledge about cannabis, its effects, and the impacts of different policy approaches. Research barriers stem from key federal policies, including strict drug scheduling of cannabis, which comprehensively hinder the ability to conduct cannabis research, affecting state markets, evidence-based regulation, and scientific gains that could more effectively shape policy moving forward. The Cannabis Regulators Association (CANNRA) is a nonpartisan nonprofit organization that convenes and supports government agencies to facilitate information exchange and learning from existing cannabis regulations across US states and territories and other governmental jurisdictions.

Placental Histopathologic Findings of a Large Cohort of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy.

Pregnant individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous small cohort studies have shown increased frequency of placental lesions associated with maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, and inflammation among patients with SARS-CoV-2, without controlling for cardiometabolic risk factors among many such patients. We aimed to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is independently associated with placental abnormalities when controlling for risk factors that could affect placental histopathology.

Cannabis and nicotine co-use among primary care patients in a state with legal cannabis access.

The aim of this exploratory analysis was to evaluate cannabis exposure, reasons for use and problematic cannabis use among adult primary care patients in Washington state (United States) who co-use cannabis and nicotine (tobacco cigarettes and/or nicotine vaping) compared to patients who endorse current cannabis use only. As part of a NIDA Clinical Trials Network (CTN) parent study, patients who completed a cannabis screen as part of routine primary care were randomly sampled (N = 5,000) to a receive a confidential cannabis survey. Patients were stratified and oversampled based on the frequency of past-year cannabis use and for Black, indigenous, or other persons of color.

Home cannabis cultivation in the United States and differences by state-level policy, 2019-2020.

As of 2022, all but two U.S. states with adult-use cannabis laws also allow home cultivation.

Cannabidiol Marketing Strategies in the United States: An Analysis of Three Prominent Companies.

The popularity and market for cannabidiol (CBD) products have expanded. Using Numerator advertising data from 2017 to 2021 regarding three popular CBD companies in the United States (Charlotte's Web, Green Roads, Medterra), we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (e.g.

Biochemical and single-molecule techniques to study accessory helicase resolution of R-loop proteins at stalled replication forks.

R-loop proteins present a stable and robust blockade to the progression of a DNA replication fork during S-phase. The consequences of this block can include mutagenesis and other irreversible chromosomal catastrophes, causing genomic instability and disease. As such, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying R-loop protein resolution is warranted.

Differences between adults who smoke cigarettes daily and do and do not co-use cannabis: Findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey.

Background: Little is known about population-level differences between adults who exclusively smoke cigarettes and those who smoke cigarettes and also use cannabis (co-consumers). Thus, this study describes differences on sociodemographic, cigarette-dependence, health and behavioral variables, and risk perceptions associated with smoking cannabis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6941 respondents from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (US, Canada, Australia, England).

Cannabis-only use in the USA: prevalence, demographics, use patterns, and health indicators.

Background: The prevalence of adults who consume cannabis while abstaining from other substances is not known in the USA. This study used nationally representative data to estimate the prevalence and explore the demographic characteristics, cannabis use behaviors, and self-reported health of US adults with past 30-day cannabis-only use, as compared with adults who used cannabis as well as other substances.

Methods: Data came from adults 18 years and older who responded to the 2017 or 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and reported past 30-day cannabis use (n = 12,143).

Trends in the use of cannabis products in Canada and the USA, 2018 - 2020: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study.

Background And Aims: There is little information on consumption patterns across the diverse range of cannabis product types. This paper examines trends in consumption patterns in Canada and the United States (US) between 2018-2020.

Design: Repeat cross-sectional surveys were conducted as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study online survey in 2018 (n=27,024), 2019 (n=45,426), and 2020 (n=45,180).

Comparison of Medical Cannabis Use Reported on a Confidential Survey vs Documented in the Electronic Health Record Among Primary Care Patients.

Importance: Patients who use cannabis for medical reasons may benefit from discussions with clinicians about health risks of cannabis and evidence-based treatment alternatives. However, little is known about the prevalence of medical cannabis use in primary care and how often it is documented in patient electronic health records (EHR).

Objective: To estimate the primary care prevalence of medical cannabis use according to confidential patient survey and to compare the prevalence of medical cannabis use documented in the EHR with patient report.

Self-Reported Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use: Results from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 14 States.

As policies legalizing adult cannabis use increase in the United States, understanding and characterizing the proportion of individuals consuming cannabis for medical and nonmedical purposes is important to inform targeted health education efforts. Data came from 7672 adults (> = 18 years) with past month cannabis use who responded to questions about reason for cannabis use on the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in 14 states. State and aggregated data were analyzed using weighted frequencies for descriptive analyses, and prevalence ratios were computed to identify demographic and substance use characteristics associated with medical only use or use for both medical and nonmedical reasons (vs.

Cannabis Policy in the United States: Implications for Public Health.

Introduction: As of January 2021, a total of 36 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized medical cannabis use, and 14 states and DC have legalized adult nonmedical use. This manuscript qualitatively summarizes cannabis policies across states with legal adult use marketplaces.

Methods: Data are from state laws and regulations, collected through January 2021, and have been verified with state officials as part of ongoing state policy tracking efforts.

Cannabis sales increases during COVID-19: Findings from Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington.

Background And Aims: Following emergency declarations related to COVID-19 in the United States, many states issued stay-at-home orders and designated essential business categories. Most states allowed medical and/or non-medical adult-use cannabis retailers to remain open. This study assesses changes in cannabis sales across Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington before and during the pandemic.

Clinician Beliefs and Practices Related to Cannabis.

Medical cannabis (marijuana) use is legal in 33 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

Use and Perceptions of Cannabidiol Products in Canada and in the United States.

This study aimed to characterize use and perceptions of cannabidiol (CBD) products. Participants aged 16-65 years in Canada (=15,042) and the United States (=30,288) completed measures on prevalence and patterns of CBD product use and perceptions of CBD oil as part of the 2019 International Cannabis Policy Study online survey. Past 12-month CBD product use was significantly more prevalent among respondents in the United States (26.

Fetomaternal hemorrhage: evaluation of recurrence within a large integrated healthcare system.

Background: Fetomaternal hemorrhage is associated with severe fetal morbidity and mortality. The recurrence risk of fetomaternal hemorrhage is unknown.

Objective: We sought to establish the recurrence rate of fetomaternal hemorrhage in a large integrated healthcare system over a 10-year period.