Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Selective JAK Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective, Multicentre Study.

: Data on the real-world effectiveness and safety of selective JAK inhibitors (JAKis) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are limited. : We conducted a multicentre, retrospective study to assess clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic outcomes of selective JAKis in bio-experienced UC and CD. : A total of 246 patients (mean age: 40.

Accurate phenotype-to-genotype mapping of high-diversity yeast libraries by heat-shock-electroporation (HEEL).

High-throughput DNA transformation techniques are invaluable when generating high-diversity mutant libraries, a cornerstone of successful protein engineering. However, transformation efficiencies have a direct correlation with the probability of introducing multiple DNA molecules into each cell, although reliable library screenings require cells that contain a single unique genotype. Thus, transformation methods that yield a high multiplicity of transformations are unsuitable for high-diversity library screenings.

Reliability, biological variability, and accuracy of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for measuring body composition components.

Introduction: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) systems are gaining popularity for use in research and fitness assessments as the technology improves and becomes more affordable and easier to use. Multifrequency BIA (MF-BIA) may improve accuracy and precision using octopolar contacts for segmental analyses.

Purpose: Evaluate reliability, biological variability, and accuracy of component measures (total body water, mass, and composition) of commercially available MF-BIA system (InBody 770, Cerritos, California, USA).

Recent Patterns and Trends in Global Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality: An Update.

Background And Objective: Our aim was to examine worldwide patterns and trends for prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality using high-quality, up-to-date, population-based data.

Methods: We analyzed age-standardized PC incidence and mortality rates by country and region from the 2022 GLOBOCAN estimates and temporal trends in incidence (50 countries/territories) and mortality (59 countries/territories) rates using data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series and the World Health Organization mortality database.

Key Findings And Limitations: Estimated PC rates across regions in 2022 varied 13-fold for incidence and 9.

A Methodological Study on Microbial In Vivo Sampling Methods of Root Canal Microbiota for Next-Generation Gene Sequencing Analysis.

Introduction: The aim was to evaluate the suitability of paper points or endodontic nickel-titanium files to sample microorganisms for in vivo investigation of endodontic microbiota by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing.

Methods: Forty-five patients presenting clinical and radiological signs of apical periodontitis were recruited for sampling, giving their written informed consent. Glide paths were assessed using C-Pilot Files and K-Files under electronic root canal length control under aseptic conditions.

Cytocompatibility, Antibacterial, and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin Hydrogels Against a Mature Endodontic Biofilm Ex Vivo Model.

: To assess the cytocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) and quercetin hydrogels versus calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medications (ICMs) against an endodontic ex vivo biofilm model. : Single-rooted teeth ( = 50) were prepared and sterilized before being infected with to develop a mature biofilm. They were divided into five equal groups according to the ICM used: G1: medicated with CH paste, G2: medicated with GSE hydrogel, G3: medicated with quercetin hydrogel, G4: positive control group that was infected and not medicated, and G5: negative control group that was neither infected nor medicated.

Ex-vivo evaluation of clinically-set hydraulic sealers used with different canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: This 2-part randomized parallel triple-blind clinical trial adopts a unique model assessing clinically-set hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) after different root canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques.

Methods: For the first phase of the study, 24 teeth scheduled for orthodontic extractions were allocated into four groups according to the canal dryness protocol and the obturation technique. G1 (CLC-AHP): cold lateral compaction (CLC) with AH Plus sealer, G2 (CLC-ES-SD): CLC with Endosequence (ES) after standard canal(s) dryness (SD); G3 (SC-ES-SD): matching single-cone (SC) with ES after SD; G4 (SC-ES-PD): as G3 but after partial canal(s) dryness (PD).

Lung cancer incidence rates in young women and men by state in the United States.

Previous studies reported higher lung cancer incidence in women than men among persons aged 35-54 years in the United States, a reversal of historically higher rates in men. We examined whether this pattern varies by state. Based on lung cancer incidence (2015-2019) data among adults aged 35-54 years from Cancer in North America database and historical cigarette smoking prevalence data (2004-2005) among adults 20-39 years from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, incidence rates in women were equal to or higher than rates in their male counterparts in 40 of 51 states, with statistically significant differences in 20 states (two-sided, p < .

Impact of an Auditory Processing Training Program on Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report and exhibit significant auditory processing difficulties, particularly in background noise. This study extends our previous work by examining the potential benefits of a 12-week auditory processing training (APT) program designed to address the auditory processing difficulties in individuals with ASD via auditory training and the use of remote-microphone technology. Effect sizes of training benefits also were calculated, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to consolidate performance across various tests into fewer meaningful constructs related to auditory processing in this population.

The San Francisco Health Systems Collaborative: Public Health and Health Care Delivery Systems' Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic challenged health care delivery systems worldwide. Many acute care hospitals in communities that experienced surges in cases and hospitalizations had to make decisions such as rationing scarce resources. Hospitals serving low-income communities, communities of color, and those in other historically marginalized or vulnerable groups reported the greatest operational impacts of surges.

Individual use of self-medication and other remedies in COVID-19 outpatients in Western-Pomerania.

We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany.

Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members.

Effective execution of military missions in cold environments requires highly trained, well-equipped, and operationally ready service members. Understanding the metabolic energetic demands of performing physical work in extreme cold conditions is critical for individual medical readiness of service members. In this narrative review, we describe ) the extreme energy costs of performing militarily relevant physical work in cold environments, ) key factors specific to cold environments that explain these additional energy costs, ) additional environmental factors that modulate the metabolic burden, ) medical readiness consequences associated with these circumstances, and ) potential countermeasures to be developed to aid future military personnel.

Toxicity profile of high-dose methotrexate in young children with central nervous system tumors.

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is used in the treatment of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors; however, toxicity information is limited. We characterized toxicities following 102 administrations of HD-MTX (4.6-13.

Speech-in-Noise and Dichotic Auditory Training Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit auditory processing issues, including poor speech recognition in background noise and dichotic processing (integration of different stimuli presented to the two ears). Auditory training could mitigate these auditory difficulties. However, few auditory training programs have been designed to target specific listening deficits for students with ASD.

Day-to-day reliability of basal heart rate and short-term and ultra short-term heart rate variability assessment by the Equivital eq02+ LifeMonitor in US Army soldiers.

Introduction: The present study determined the (1) day-to-day reliability of basal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) measured by the Equivital eq02+ LifeMonitor and (2) agreement of ultra short-term HRV compared with short-term HRV.

Methods: Twenty-three active-duty US Army Soldiers (5 females, 18 males) completed two experimental visits separated by >48 hours with restrictions consistent with basal monitoring (eg, exercise, dietary), with measurements after supine rest at minutes 20-21 (ultra short-term) and minutes 20-25 (short-term). HRV was assessed as the SD of R-R intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean squared differences between consecutive R-R intervals (RMSSD).

Opening Access but Concealing Contact: A First Study of Over-The-Counter Hearing Aid Consumer-Facing Communications.

Hearing loss is a prevalent chronic health condition with approximately 40 million Americans living with mild to moderate hearing loss. Yet, only about 20% will ever pursue hearing interventions. To broaden uptake the FDA approved over the counter (OTC) hearing aid (HA) options in October 2022.

Predictors of changes in marijuana consumption in Germany during the covid-19 pandemic.

During the Covid-19 pandemic Germany experienced its first increase in the proportion of heavy cannabis users since 1995. With the expected nationwide decriminalization of cannabis before 2025, we investigate the potential causes for that increase. Data were from the 2021 European Web Survey on Drugs (EWSD) including 762 12-month marijuana users from Germany (72.

Optimizing early phase clinical trial washout periods: a report from the Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma consortium.

Background: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) issued a 2021 memorandum adopting the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Friends of Cancer Research (Friends) task force recommendations to broaden clinical study eligibility criteria. They recommended that washout periods be eliminated for most prior cancer therapy and when required to utilize evidence- and/or rationale-based criteria. The Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma (TACL) consortium responded to this guidance.

The 300 Marines: characterizing the US Marines with perfect scores on their physical and combat fitness tests.

Unlabelled: Few US Marines earn perfect 300 scores on both their Physical Fitness Test (PFT) and Combat Fitness Test (CFT). The number 300 invokes the legendary 300 Spartans that fought at the Battle of Thermopylae, which inspired high physical fitness capabilities for elite ground forces ever since.

Purpose: Determine distinguishing characteristics of the "300 Marines" (perfect PFT and CFT scores) that may provide insights into the physical and physiological requirements associated with this capability.

Efficacy, drug sustainability, and safety of ustekinumab treatment in Crohn's disease patients over three years.

Long-term data on ustekinumab in real-life Crohn's disease patients are still missing, though randomized controlled trials demonstrated it as a favorable therapeutic option. We aimed to evaluate ustekinumab's clinical efficacy, drug sustainability, and safety in a prospective, nationwide, multicenter Crohn's disease patient cohort with a three-year follow-up. Crohn's disease patients on ustekinumab treatment were consecutively enrolled from 9 Hungarian Inflammatory Bowel Disease centers between January 2019 and May 2020.

Implications of therapy interruption on monthly migraine days and modified migraine disability assessment in patients treated with erenumab for chronic and episodic migraine: SQUARE study interim results.

Background: There are limited real-world data in Switzerland examining the impact of erenumab, a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, on migraine-related quality of life.

Objective: This 18-month interim analysis of 172 patients with episodic or chronic migraine from the SQUARE study provides first prospective insights on the impact of mandatory erenumab treatment interruption, following Swiss-reimbursement requirements, in a real-world clinical setting in Switzerland.

Findings: Recruited patients receiving 70 or 140 mg erenumab underwent treatment interruption on average 11.

Cross-modal plasticity in children with cochlear implant: converging evidence from EEG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Over the first years of life, the brain undergoes substantial organization in response to environmental stimulation. In a silent world, it may promote vision by (i) recruiting resources from the auditory cortex and (ii) making the visual cortex more efficient. It is unclear when such changes occur and how adaptive they are, questions that children with cochlear implants can help address.

Droplet Polymer Bilayers for Bioelectronic Membrane Interfacing.

Model membranes interfaced with bioelectronics allow for the exploration of fundamental cell processes and the design of biomimetic sensors. Organic conducting polymers are an attractive surface on which to study the electrical properties of membranes because of their low impedance, high biocompatibility, and hygroscopic nature. However, establishing supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on conducting polymers has lagged significantly behind other substrate materials, namely, for challenges in membrane electrical sealing and stability.

Contributions of Common Genetic Variants to Constitutional Delay of Puberty and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.

Context: Constitutional delay of puberty (CDP) is highly heritable, but the genetic basis for CDP is largely unknown. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) can be caused by rare genetic variants, but in about half of cases, no rare-variant cause is found.

Objective: To determine whether common genetic variants that influence pubertal timing contribute to CDP and IHH.