Relative power and interpersonal trust.

Because trust is essential in the development and maintenance of well-functioning relationships, scholars across numerous scientific disciplines have sought to determine what causes people to trust others. Power dynamics are known to predict trust, but research on the relationship between power and trust is inconclusive, with mixed results and without systematic consideration of how the power distribution within dyadic relationships may influence trust in those relationships. Building on interdependence theory, we propose that both individuals in an unequal-power dyad trust each other less than individuals in an equal-power dyad because unequal-power dyads heighten the perception of a conflict of interest.

Etiology, 3-Month Functional Outcome and Recurrent Events in Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Knowledge about different etiologies of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their outcomes is scarce.

Methods: We assessed prevalence of pre-specified ICH etiologies and their association with outcomes in consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the prospective Swiss Stroke Registry (2014 to 2019).

Results: We included 2,650 patients (mean±standard deviation age 72±14 years, 46.

Effect of admission time on provision of acute stroke treatment at stroke units and stroke centers-An analysis of the Swiss Stroke Registry.

Introduction: Rapid treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) depends on sufficient staffing which differs between Stroke Centers and Stroke Units in Switzerland. We studied the effect of admission time on performance measures of AIS treatment and related temporal trends over time.

Patients And Methods: We compared treatment rates, door-to-image-time, door-to-needle-time, and door-to-groin-puncture-time in stroke patients admitted during office hours (Monday-Friday 8:00-17:59) and non-office hours at all certified Stroke Centers and Stroke Units in Switzerland, as well as secular trends thereof between 2014 and 2019, using data from the Swiss Stroke Registry.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography for Suspected Acute Stroke: Association of Admission Image Modality with Acute Recanalization Therapies, Workflow Metrics, and Outcomes.

Objective: To examine rates of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), door-to-needle (DTN) time, door-to-puncture (DTP) time, and functional outcome between patients with admission magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomography (CT).

Methods: An observational cohort study of consecutive patients using a target trial design within the nationwide Swiss-Stroke-Registry from January 2014 to August 2020 was carried out. Exclusion criteria included MRI contraindications, transferred patients, and unstable or frail patients.

Prior Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischemic stroke, the association of prior anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with stroke severity, utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), safety of IVT, and 3-month outcomes.

Methods: This was a cohort study of consecutive patients (2014-2019) on anticoagulation versus those without (controls) with regard to stroke severity, rates of IVT/mechanical thrombectomy, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) at 3 months.

Results: Of 8,179 patients (mean [SD] age, 79.

Getting back to the "new normal": Autonomy restoration during a global pandemic.

We investigate the psychological recovery process of full-time employees during the 2-week period at the onset of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Past research suggests that recovery processes start stressors abate and can take months or years to unfold. In contrast, we build on autonomy restoration theory to suggest that recovery of impaired autonomy starts immediately even as a stressor is ongoing.

Power and negotiation: review of current evidence and future directions.

This review synthesizes the impact of power on individual and joint negotiation performance. Although power generally has positive effects on negotiators' individual performance (value claiming), recent work suggests that more power is not always beneficial. Taking a dyadic perspective, we also find mixed evidence for how power affects joint performance (value creation); some studies show that equal-power dyads create more value than unequal-power dyads, but others find the opposite.

Imaginary alternatives: The effects of mental simulation on powerless negotiators.

This research demonstrates that people can act more powerfully without having power. Researchers and practitioners advise people to obtain alternatives in social exchange relationships to enhance their power. However, alternatives are not always readily available, often forcing people to interact without having much power.

Advice Giving: A Subtle Pathway to Power.

We propose that interpersonal behaviors can activate feelings of power, and we examine this idea in the context of advice giving. Specifically, we show (a) that advice giving is an interpersonal behavior that enhances individuals' sense of power and (b) that those who seek power are motivated to engage in advice giving. Four studies, including two experiments ( N = 290, N = 188), an organization-based field study ( N = 94), and a negotiation simulation ( N = 124), demonstrate that giving advice enhances the adviser's sense of power because it gives the adviser perceived influence over others' actions.

The Too-Much-Precision Effect.

Past research has suggested a fundamental principle of price precision: The more precise an opening price, the more it anchors counteroffers. The present research challenges this principle by demonstrating a too-much-precision effect. Five experiments (involving 1,320 experts and amateurs in real-estate, jewelry, car, and human-resources negotiations) showed that increasing the precision of an opening offer had positive linear effects for amateurs but inverted-U-shaped effects for experts.

Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects.

We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.

Eye disorders reported with the use of mefloquine (Lariam(®)) chemoprophylaxis--A drug safety database analysis.

Background: Between 80 and 90 million travellers visit malaria endemic areas annually and many require malaria chemoprophylaxis. The characterization of the risk and nature of eye disorders occurring during the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis is relevant for travel medicine advisors.

Methods: We did a database analysis on eye disorder adverse events reported for mefloquine (as Lariam®) using the F.

Anchors weigh more than power: why absolute powerlessness liberates negotiators to achieve better outcomes.

The current research shows that having no power can be better than having a little power. Negotiators prefer having some power (weak negotiation alternatives) to having no power (no alternatives). We challenge this belief that having any alternative is beneficial by demonstrating that weak alternatives create low anchors that reduce the value of first offers.

The too-much-talent effect: team interdependence determines when more talent is too much or not enough.

Five studies examined the relationship between talent and team performance. Two survey studies found that people believe there is a linear and nearly monotonic relationship between talent and performance: Participants expected that more talent improves performance and that this relationship never turns negative. However, building off research on status conflicts, we predicted that talent facilitates performance-but only up to a point, after which the benefits of more talent decrease and eventually become detrimental as intrateam coordination suffers.

Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after exposure to mefloquine in the pre- and periconception period and during pregnancy.

Background: Pregnant women who travel to malarious areas and their clinicians need data on the safety of malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Methods: The effect of exposure to mefloquine on pregnancy and offspring outcomes was evaluated using the F. Hoffmann-La Roche global drug safety database for the time frame 31 January 1986 through 26 October 2010.

Use of mefloquine in children - a review of dosage, pharmacokinetics and tolerability data.

Background: Use of anti-malarial medication in children is hampered by a paucity of dosage, pharmacokinetic and tolerability data.

Methods: Data on the use of mefloquine in children, particularly in young children weighing less than 20 kg, were reviewed using PubMed literature and reports on file.

Results: Chemoprophylaxis data: Two studies with a total of 170 children were found.

The position of mefloquine as a 21st century malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Background: Malaria chemoprophylaxis prevents the occurrence of the symptoms of malaria. Travellers to high-risk Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas need an effective chemoprophylaxis.

Methods: A literature search to update the status of mefloquine as a malaria chemoprophylaxis.

EEG sleep slow-wave activity as a mirror of cortical maturation.

Deep (slow wave) sleep shows extensive maturational changes from childhood through adolescence, which is reflected in a decrease of sleep depth measured as the activity of electroencephalographic (EEG) slow waves. This decrease in sleep depth is paralleled by massive synaptic remodeling during adolescence as observed in anatomical studies, which supports the notion that adolescence represents a sensitive period for cortical maturation. To assess the relationship between slow-wave activity (SWA) and cortical maturation, we acquired sleep EEG and magnetic resonance imaging data in children and adolescents between 8 and 19 years.

Model-based evaluation of reduction strategies for micropollutants from wastewater treatment plants in complex river networks.

A model based on graph theory was developed to efficiently evaluate the impact of the effluent from 742 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on micropollutant loading throughout all river catchments in Switzerland. Model results agree well with measured loads for 12 compounds in river water samples, revealing mean predictive accuracy factors between 0.8 and 3.

Exon 17 skipping in CLCN1 leads to recessive myotonia congenita.

Mutations in CLCN1, the gene encoding the ClC-1 chloride channel in skeletal muscle, lead to myotonia congenita. The effects on the intramembranous channel forming domains have been investigated more than that at the intracellular C-terminus. We have performed a mutation screen involving the whole CLCN1 gene of patients with myotonia congenita by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism studies, and sequencing.

Interaction between GABA(A) receptor beta subunits and the multifunctional protein gC1q-R.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors were immunopurified from bovine brain using a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha1 subunit. Of the several proteins that copurified, a 34-kDa protein was analyzed further. After enrichment and tryptic proteolysis, the resulting fragments were sequenced, and the protein was identified as gC1q-R.

[Depression in the child].

Since Spitz's description of anaclitic depression in 1945, it has been widely recognized that children, even very young, suffer from depression. Recent research suggests that depression persists during the developmental stages and depressed children are more likely to become depressed adults than their peers. This underlines the importance of diagnosing and treating depression at a young age.

A novel serine kinase with specificity for beta3-subunits is tightly associated with GABA(A) receptors.

Tuning of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor function via phosphorylation of the receptor potentially allows neurons to modulate their inhibitory input. Several kinases, both of the serine-threonine kinase and the tyrosine kinase families, have been proposed as candidates for such a modulatory role in vivo. However, no GABA(A) receptor-phosphorylating kinase physically associated with the receptor has been identified so far on a molecular level.