Long-term stability of infrabony defects treated with enamel matrix derivative alone: A retrospective two-centre cohort study.

Aim: To assess the long-term stability of attachment gain in infrabony defects (IBDs) 10 years after regenerative treatment with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) alone.

Materials And Methods: Two centres (Frankfurt [F] and Heidelberg [HD]) invited patients for re-examination 120 ± 12 months after regenerative therapy. Re-examination included clinical examination (periodontal probing depths (PPD), vertical clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), plaque control record, gingival bleeding index and periodontal risk assessment) and review of patient charts (number of supportive periodontal care [SPC] visits).

Effect of Subgingival Instrumentation on Neutrophil Elastase and C-Reactive Protein in Grade B and C Periodontitis: Exploratory Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Assessment of the effect of subgingival instrumentation (SI) on systemic inflammation in periodontitis grades B (BP) and C (CP). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, eight BP and 46 CP patients received SI. Data were collected prior to and 12 weeks after SI.

Long-Term Results after Placing Dental Implants in Patients with Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome: Results 2.5-20 Years after Implant Insertion.

Aim: A retrospective evaluation of patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) treated with dental implants to identify factors that may influence treatment outcomes.

Methods: All PLS patients with dental implants currently registered at the Department of Periodontology, Goethe-University Frankfurt (20-38 years; mean: 29.6 years), were recruited.

Ten-Year Stability of Clinical Attachment after Regenerative Treatment of Infrabony Defects and Controls.

Background: A similar long-term stable clinical attachment level (CAL) of infrabony defects (IBDs) after regenerative treatment compared to control teeth would indicate a high level of stability resulting from the regenerative approach.

Methods: Patients with a regeneratively treated IBD were screened 120 ± 12 months postoperatively for eligibility for study participation, and were included if complete baseline and 12-month examinations (plaque (PlI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), CAL) were available and a respective control tooth could be identified. Re-examination included clinical examination (PPD, CAL, PlI/GI, bleeding on probing, plaque control record, gingival bleeding index).

Retrospectively analysed tooth loss in periodontally compromised patients: Long-term results 10 years after active periodontal therapy-Patient-related outcomes.

Background And Objective: Long-term tooth retention is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate tooth loss (TL) during 10 years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in periodontal compromised patients and to identify factors influencing TL on patient level.

Material And Methods: Patients were re-examined 120 ± 12 months after active periodontal therapy.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on haematological parameters in grades B and C periodontitis: an exploratory analysis.

Aim: Assessment of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on haematological parameters in patients with grades B (BP) and C periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Eight BP and 46 CP patients received full-mouth periodontal debridement within 48 h, if positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with adjunctive systemic antibiotics (4 BP, 17 CP). Clinical data were collected prior and 12 weeks after periodontal therapy.

Five-year stability of clinical attachment after regenerative treatment of infrabony defects compared to controls.

Aim: To evaluate the stability of attachment achieved in infrabony defects by regenerative treatment over 60 ± 12 months compared to control teeth.

Methods: Patients treated regeneratively in at least one infrabony defect between 2004 and 2010 were screened for this retrospective cohort study. Complete examinations available for baseline, 12 and 60 ± 12 months after surgery, and a respective control tooth without treatment, provided eligibility for analysis.

Consequences of cathepsin C inactivation for membrane exposure of proteinase 3, the target antigen in autoimmune vasculitis.

Membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a systemic small-vessel vasculitis. Binding of ANCA to PR3 triggers neutrophil activation with the secretion of enzymatically active PR3 and related neutrophil serine proteases, thereby contributing to vascular damage. PR3 and related proteases are activated from pro-forms by the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin C (CatC) during neutrophil maturation.

Long-Term Stability After Regenerative Treatment of Infrabony Defects: A Retrospective Case Series.

Background: This study aims to evaluate long-term stability of attachment achieved in infrabony defects (IBDs) by regenerative treatment.

Methods: All patients who had received regenerative treatment for at least one IBD between 2004 and 2010 were screened for this retrospective case series. If complete examinations (plaque/gingival index, probing depth [PD], vertical clinical attachment level [CAL-V]) were available for patients at baseline and 12 months after surgery, they were invited for reexamination 60 ± 12 months after surgery.

[Scaphoid pseudarthrosis : Indications for avascular iliac crest or radius bone grafts].

Background: Operative treatment of the scaphoid nonunion includes avascular corticocancellous and cancellous bone grafts and increasingly the use of vascular pedicled and free vascular corticocancellous grafts. Especially the latter require a fair amount of operative expertise and experience in microsurgical techniques.

Objective: Which criteria lead to the decision for or against an avascular graft used for reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion? Is our current classification system of a scaphoid pseudarthrosis able to illustrate our diagnostic potential in a way that makes us refer to operative procedures?

Methods: Evaluation of current literature and expert opinions RESULTS: Avascular bone grafts show a high union rate as long as a sufficient vascularisation of the remaining fragments is present.

[Pedicled vascularized bone graft for scaphoid reconstruction after Zaidemberg].

Background: Nonunion of the scaphoid as a result of proximal fractures, failed surgical reconstruction, and especially avascular fragment necrosis are possible indications of vascularized bone grafts. Various techniques of vascularized (pedicled and free) grafts have been described. Pedicled grafts from the direct vicinity of the wrist provide several benefits.

Analysis of urinary cathepsin C for diagnosing Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) (OMIM: 245000) is a rare disease characterized by severe periodontitis and palmoplantar keratoderma. It is caused by mutations in both alleles of the cathepsin C (CatC) gene CTSC that completely abrogate the proteolytic activity of this cysteine proteinase. Most often, a genetic analysis to enable early and rapid diagnosis of PLS is unaffordable or unavailable.

Shedding of Endogenous Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Is Governed by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Proteases while a Full-length IL-6R Isoform Localizes to Circulating Microvesicles.

Generation of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is a prerequisite for pathogenic IL-6 trans-signaling, which constitutes a distinct signaling pathway of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although in vitro experiments using ectopically overexpressed IL-6R and candidate proteases revealed major roles for the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in IL-6R shedding, the identity of the protease(s) cleaving IL-6R in more physiological settings, or even in vivo, remains unknown. By taking advantage of specific pharmacological inhibitors and primary cells from ADAM-deficient mice we established that endogenous IL-6R of both human and murine origin is shed by ADAM17 in an induced manner, whereas constitutive release of endogenous IL-6R is largely mediated by ADAM10.

Lack of cathelicidin processing in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients reveals essential role of LL-37 in periodontal homeostasis.

Background: Loss-of-function point mutations in the cathepsin C gene are the underlying genetic event in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). PLS neutrophils lack serine protease activity essential for cathelicidin LL-37 generation from hCAP18 precursor.

Aim: We hypothesized that a local deficiency of LL-37 in the infected periodontium is mainly responsible for one of the clinical hallmark of PLS: severe periodontitis already in early childhood.

An extraordinary form of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome successfully treated with the tumour necrosis factor-α blocker adalimumab.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare granulomatous inflammatory disease characterised by the triad of orofacial oedema, facial nerve palsy and furrowed tongue. We describe the case of a 29-year-old patient suffering from an oligosymptomatic form of the disease with orofacial oedema, cobblestone pattern on the buccal mucosa and swelling of the tongue, accompanied by intermittent fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, intermittent tinnitus and acute hearing loss. An increase of several autoimmune-associated antibodies was also detected.

Subgingival plaque sampling after combined mechanical and antibiotic nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Aim: This study aimed to make a comparison of two sampling strategies of subgingival plaque after combined mechanical-antibiotic periodontal therapy.

Methods: Thirty patients (18 female) suffering from aggressive (n = 12) or generalised severe chronic (n = 18) periodontitis were included. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans had been detected subgingivally in all prior to anti-infective therapy (AT) and combined mechanical-antibiotic AT had been rendered.

Enamel matrix derivative in propylene glycol alginate for treatment of infrabony defects with or without systemic doxycycline: 12- and 24-month results.

Background: This aim of this study is to compare regenerative therapy of infrabony defects with and without administration of post-surgical systemic doxycycline (DOXY) 12 and 24 months after therapy.

Methods: In each of 57 patients, one infrabony defect (depth ≥ 4 mm) was treated regeneratively using enamel matrix derivative at two centers (Frankfurt am Main and Heidelberg). By random assignment, patients received either 200 mg DOXY per day or placebo (PLAC) for 7 days after surgery.

NSP4 is stored in azurophil granules and released by activated neutrophils as active endoprotease with restricted specificity.

Whereas neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 have been known as granule-associated serine proteases of neutrophils for decades, a fourth member, called neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4), was just recently described and provisionally characterized. In this study, we identified NSP4 as a novel azurophil granule protein of neutrophils by Western blot analyses of subcellular fractions as well as by RT-PCR analyses of neutrophil precursors from human bone marrow. The highest mRNA levels were observed in myeloblasts and promyelocytes, similar to myeloperoxidase, a marker of azurophil granules.

Long-term results after treatment of periodontitis in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: success and failure.

Aim: Retrospective evaluation of periodontal status in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) observed for ≥10 years; identification of factors that may influence treatment outcome; and reporting of the outcome of dental implants in four PLS patients.

Methods: All PLS patients currently registered at the Department of Periodontology, Goethe-University Frankfurt with a follow-up ≥10 years (13-33 years; mean 22 years) were recruited. Eight patients (aged 17-46 years) from five families (three pairs of siblings) were included.

Clinical results after nonsurgical therapy in aggressive and chronic periodontitis.

Aim: This study aims to analyze factors influencing treatment results in aggressive (AgP) and chronic (ChP) periodontitis.

Methods: ChP [probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 3.5 mm, attachment loss ≥ 5 mm at >30 % of sites; age > 35 years] and AgP (clinically healthy; PPD ≥ 3.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy decreases serum elastase levels in aggressive but not in chronic periodontitis.

Aim: Assessment of the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) on serum inflammatory parameters in patients with untreated aggressive (AgP) and chronic (ChP) periodontitis.

Methods: Overall, 31 ChP and 29 AgP were examined clinically prior to and 12 weeks after SRP (subgingival scaling of all pockets within 2 days) with systemic antibiotics for patients positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (14 AgP, 9 ChP). Blood was sampled prior to, one day, 6, and 12 weeks after the first SRP visit.

Regenerative therapy of infrabony defects with or without systemic doxycycline. A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: Comparison of regenerative therapy of infrabony defects with and without administration of postsurgical systemic doxycycline (DOXY).

Methods: In each of 61 patients one infrabony defect was treated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD), EMD plus filler or membrane at two centres. By random assignment patients received either 200 mg DOXY per day or placebo (PLAC) for 7 days after surgery.

Increased systemic elastase and C-reactive protein in aggressive periodontitis (CLOI-D-00160R2).

The inflammatory mediators, serum elastase and C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare systemic inflammatory mediators in periodontally healthy controls (C), patients with untreated aggressive (AgP) and chronic (ChP) periodontitis. C [periodontal pocket probing depth (PPD)  <3.

Evaluation of two siblings with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome 5 years after treatment of periodontitis in primary and mixed dentition.

Background: This case report describes the clinical and microbiologic long-term outcome 5 years after periodontal therapy of two siblings diagnosed with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) and tinea capitis.

Methods: In 2005, two brothers diagnosed with PLS and tinea capitis began periodontal treatment. Both of them showed premature mobility of the primary dentition, markedly increased probing depths, and subgingival Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Aa).

Cytokine production by leukocytes of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients in whole blood cultures.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is characterised by aggressively progressive periodontitis combined with palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. It is caused by "loss of function" mutations in the cathepsin C gene. The hypothesis behind this study is that PLS patients' polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce more proinflammatory cytokines to compensate for their reduced capacity to neutralize leukotoxin and to eliminate Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.