Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) bacterin in environmental samples from poultry houses using the RapidChek SE immunoassay.

Environmental swabs from pullet houses were tested for the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) using the RapidChek SE immunoassay test. Of the 1162 samples tested in 2011, 20 samples were positive, but only two samples were confirmed positive for SE by culture. Seventeen positive samples were from pullet houses that had been vaccinated with SE bacterin 2 to 3 days prior to submission to the lab.

Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C telemedicine clinics.

Background: Geographical barriers to subspecialty care may prevent optimal care of patients living in rural areas. We assess the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C telemedicine consultation on patient-oriented outcomes in a rural Veterans Affairs population.

Methods: This was a pre- and post-intervention study comparing telemedicine with in-person subspecialty clinic visits for HIV and hepatitis C.

Modulation of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by interleukin-1beta: novel implications in bacterial pathogenesis.

The effect of IL-1beta on Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in terms of mRNA expression profile of bicomponent leukotoxins (Luk ED, Luk PV, HlgA, and HlgCB) as well as microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Upon exposure to higher concentrations of IL-1beta, S. aureus expressed significantly higher levels of MSCRAMMs mRNA [fibronectin-binding protein (FnBp), fibrinogen-binding protein or clumping factor (Clf), and collagen-binding protein (Cna)] and had significantly lower expression of mRNAs for bicomponent leukotoxins.

Campylobacter jejuni strains compete for colonization in broiler chicks.

Campylobacter jejuni isolates possess multiple adhesive proteins termed adhesins, which promote the organism's attachment to epithelial cells. Based on the proposal that one or more adhesins are shared among C. jejuni isolates, we hypothesized that C.

Induction of multiple matrix metalloproteinases in human dermal and synovial fibroblasts by Staphylococcus aureus: implications in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis and other soft tissue infections.

Infections of body tissue by Staphylococcus aureus are quickly followed by degradation of connective tissue. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are more prone to S. aureus-mediated septic arthritis.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole associated rhabdomyolysis in a patient with AIDS: case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in a newly diagnosed AIDS patient with presumed Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly named Pneumocystis Carinii) pneumonia. The present case is significant because of the paucity of similar cases in the literature and the relative frequency with which TMP-SMX is used today.

Campylobacter jejuni infection in broiler chickens.

Day-old, straight-run broiler chickens were procured from a hatchery located in the Pacific Northwest. The chickens were subdivided individually into nine groups of 20 chickens. The chickens were tagged, housed in isolation chambers on wire, fed commercial broiler feed, and given water ad libitum.

High mortality in egg layers as a result of necrotic enteritis.

A new facility was designed to hold 1.8 million birds in 10 houses; chickens were placed in five of the houses, and the remaining five houses were under construction when this outbreak occurred. An increase in mortality was reported in five houses; however, mortality in house 7 was quite high.

Results of salmonella isolation from poultry products, poultry, poultry environment, and other characteristics.

Five hundred sixty-nine Salmonella were isolated out of 4745 samples from poultry products, poultry, and poultry environment in 1999 and 2000 from the Pacific northwest. These Salmonella were identified to their exact source, and some were serogrouped, serotyped, phage typed, and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Food product samples tested included rinse water of spent hens and broilers and chicken ground meat.

Pathogenicity of different serogroups of avian salmonellae in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

The pathogenicity of one isolate of Salmonella typhimurium, four isolates of Salmonella heidelberg, three isolates of Salmonella kentucky, two isolates of Salmonella montevideo, one isolate of Salmonella hadar, and two isolates of Salmonella enteritidis (SE), one belonging to phage type (PT)13a and the other to PT34, was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chicks. Three hundred eighty-four chicks were separated into 16 equal groups of 24 chicks. Thirteen groups were inoculated individually with 0.

Effects of methylprednisolone on intracellular bacterial growth.

Clinical studies have shown positive associations among sustained and intense inflammatory responses and the incidence of bacterial infections. Patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6, have increased risk for developing nosocomial infections attributable to organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp., compared to those patients with lower levels.

Pathogenicity of environmental origin Salmonellas in specific pathogen-free chicks.

Two hundred sixty 1-d-old specific pathogen-free (SPF), Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were used in this study to determine pathology caused by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) isolated from a poultry environment. The chicks were subdivided into 10 equal groups of 26 chicks each. Eight groups of chicks were inoculated individually with 0.

Pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8 and 23 in specific pathogen free chicks.

The pathogenicity of two isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) phage type (PT) 4, three of PT8 and one of PT23 was investigated in groups of 1-day-old specific pathogen free White Leghorn chicks. Two groups were crop gavaged with each culture but at two different doses. Two additional groups were given Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (SP) at similar doses and one further group served as uninoculated controls.

Enhanced extracellular growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of selected linear peptide fragments of human interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist.

Replication of Staphylococcus aureus is significantly enhanced in the presence of recombinant interleukin (IL)-1beta. In this study, specific binding of IL-1beta to the surface of S. aureus significantly increased growth of S.

Nosocomial pneumococcal infection: an outbreak.

When an outbreak of pneumococcal disease occurs an institution--be it a hospital, nursing home, day care center, or other facility--management includes treatment of affected cases and prevention of new cases. Patients and staff should be tested for nasopharyngeal carriage and their vaccination status ascertained. Antibiotic use should be reviewed, especially if the causative strain is resistant.

Pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8, and 23 in broiler chicks.

Four hundred fifty day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were subdivided into 15 groups of 30 chicks each. Six groups of chicks received 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) phage types (PTs) 4, 8, and 23 by crop gavage.

Academic managed care organizations and adverse selection under Medicaid managed care in Tennessee.

Context: Health plans competing in a managed care system may face serious financial consequences if they are disproportionately selected by enrollees with expensive health conditions. Academic medical centers (AMCs) have traditionally provided medical care for the sickest patients and may be at particularly high risk for adverse selection, but whether this occurs is not known.

Objective: To determine whether managed care organizations (MCOs) representing AMCs are adversely selected by Medicaid managed care (MMC) enrollees with expensive chronic health conditions.

Cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha enhance in vitro growth of bacteria.

We have previously reported that in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), nonsurvivors have persistent elevation in pulmonary and circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels over time and a high rate of nosocomial infections antemortem. In these patients, none of the proven or suspected nosocomial infections caused a transient or sustained increase in plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels above preinfection values. We hypothesized that cytokines secreted by the host during ARDS may favor the growth of bacteria.

Effects of cytokines and endotoxin on the intracellular growth of bacteria.

Patients with unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have persistently elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs and circulation and increased rates of bacterial infections. Phagocytic cells hyperactivated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytic cells, are inefficient in killing ingested bacteria despite having intact phagocytic activity. On the other hand, phagocytic cells that are activated with an analogue of LPS that does not induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines effectively ingest and kill bacteria.

Oral staphylococcus in older subjects with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To determine if Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, etiologic bacterial agents to late prosthetic joint infections (LPJI), are more prevalent in the oral flora of older individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in an age and gender-matched nonarthritic control population (NA).

Design: Cultures were obtained from the nares, oropharynx, saliva, tongue, and gingival crevice, and the results were compared between older patients with RA and controls.

Setting: University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, VA Medical Center, and University of Michigan School of Dentistry.

Group G streptococcal arthritis: case report and review of the literature.

Nongonococcal septic arthritis in adults is usually caused by infections with staphylococcal or streptococcal species. In patients with underlying diseases, especially those with chronic joint disease or malignancy, bacterial isolates from infected joint spaces may include group G streptococci. Occasionally, group G streptococcal arthritis may occur in otherwise healthy individuals.