Previously reported CCDC26 risk variant and novel germline variants in GALNT13, AR, and MYO10 associated with familial glioma in Finland.

Predisposing factors underlying familial aggregation of non-syndromic gliomas are still to be uncovered. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in four Finnish families with brain tumors to identify rare predisposing variants. A total of 417 detected exome variants and 102 previously reported glioma-related variants were further genotyped in 19 Finnish families with brain tumors using targeted sequencing.

Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells.

Purpose: Platinum-based drugs are cytotoxic drugs commonly used in cancer treatment. They cause DNA damage, effects of which on chromatin and cellular responses are relatively well described. Yet, the nuclear stress responses related to RNA processing are incompletely known and may be relevant for the heterogeneity with which cancer cells respond to these drugs.

A PEG-assisted membrane coating to prepare biomimetic mesoporous silicon for PET/CT imaging of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosis remains challenging without expressing critical receptors. Cancer cell membrane (CCm) coating has been extensively studied for targeted cancer diagnostics due to attractive features such as good biocompatibility and homotypic tumor-targeting. However, the present study found that widely used CCm coating approaches, such as extrusion, were not applicable for functionalizing irregularly shaped nanoparticles (NPs), such as porous silicon (PSi).

miR-32 promotes MYC-driven prostate cancer.

miR-32 is an androgen receptor (AR)-regulated microRNA, expression of which is increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC). We have previously shown that overexpression of miR-32 in the prostate of transgenic mice potentiates proliferation in prostate epithelium. Here, we set out to determine whether increased expression of miR-32 influences growth or phenotype in prostate adenocarcinoma in vivo.

Proteomic Landscape of Prostate Cancer: The View Provided by Quantitative Proteomics, Integrative Analyses, and Protein Interactomes.

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer of men worldwide. While the genetic landscapes and heterogeneity of prostate cancer are relatively well-known already, methodological developments now allow for studying basic and dynamic proteomes on a large scale and in a quantitative fashion. This aids in revealing the functional output of cancer genomes.

Androgen-Driven Fusion Genes and Chimeric Transcripts in Prostate Cancer.

Androgens are steroid hormones governing the male reproductive development and function. As such, androgens and the key mediator of their effects, androgen receptor (AR), have a leading role in many diseases. Prostate cancer is a major disease where AR and its transcription factor function affect a significant number of patients worldwide.

Expression of the miR-200 family in tumor tissue, plasma and urine of epithelial ovarian cancer patients in comparison to benign counterparts.

Objective: Plasma, but also urine sample could represent a simple liquid biopsy for ovarian cancer biomarker detection. The miRNA-200 family has been shown to be dysregulated in ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to isolate three members of miR-200 family from tumor tissue, plasma and urine of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients in comparison with samples from patients with benign ovarian tumors.

Phosphorylation of NFATC1 at PIM1 target sites is essential for its ability to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.

Background: Progression of prostate cancer from benign local tumors to metastatic carcinomas is a multistep process. Here we have investigated the signaling pathways that support migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, focusing on the role of the NFATC1 transcription factor and its post-translational modifications. We have previously identified NFATC1 as a substrate for the PIM1 kinase and shown that PIM1-dependent phosphorylation increases NFATC1 activity without affecting its subcellular localization.

Expression Analysis of Platinum Sensitive and Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patient Samples Reveals New Candidates for Targeted Therapies.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancies. Identification of new biomarkers is highly needed due to its late diagnosis and high recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms of therapy resistance and potential biomarkers by analyzing mRNA and protein expression from samples derived from patients with platinum-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer (total cohort n = 53).

In Vivo Expression of miR-32 Induces Proliferation in Prostate Epithelium.

miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression and are often deregulated in cancer. We have previously shown that miR-32 is an androgen receptor-regulated miRNA overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer and that miR-32 can improve prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. To assess the effects of miR-32 in vivo, we developed transgenic mice overexpressing miR-32 in the prostate.

Grating-coupling-based excitation of Bloch surface waves for lab-on-fiber optrodes.

In this paper, we investigate the possibility to excite Bloch surface waves (BSWs) on the tip of single-mode optical fibers. Within this framework, after exploring an idealized, proof-of-principle grating-coupling-based scheme for on-tip excitation of BSWs, we focus on an alternative configuration that is more robust with respect to fabrication-related non-idealities. Subsequently, with a view towards label-free chemical and biological sensing, we present a specific design aimed at enhancing the sensitivity (in terms of wavelength shift) of the arising resonance with respect to changes in the refractive properties of the surrounding environment.

Measuring the Expression of microRNAs Regulated by Androgens.

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) provided yet another mechanism of gene expression regulation. miRNAs have recently been also implicated in many diseases, including prostate cancer (PC). As PC is a highly androgen-dependent disease, extensive effort has been invested to identify the miRNAs that are androgen regulated.

A comprehensive repertoire of tRNA-derived fragments in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in developed countries. Although its genetic background is thoroughly investigated, rather little is known about the role of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) in this disease. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) represent a new class of sncRNAs, which are present in a broad range of species and have been reported to play a role in several cellular processes.

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals PCAT5 as a Novel ERG-Regulated Long Noncoding RNA in Prostate Cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) that arise after the failure of androgen-blocking therapies cause most of the deaths from prostate cancer, intensifying the need to fully understand CRPC pathophysiology. In this study, we characterized the transcriptomic differences between untreated prostate cancer and locally recurrent CRPC. Here, we report the identification of 145 previously unannotated intergenic long noncoding RNA transcripts (lncRNA) or isoforms that are associated with prostate cancer or CRPC.

Epigenetically altered miR-193b targets cyclin D1 in prostate cancer.

Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression and often differentially expressed in cancer and other diseases. We have previously shown that miR-193b is hypermethylated in prostate cancer (PC) and suppresses cell growth. It has been suggested that miR-193b targets cyclin D1 in several malignancies.

MiR-1247-5p is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer and targets MYCBP2.

Background: Recently, there has been increasing attention on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development. Several expression profiling studies have provided evidence of aberrant expression of miRNAs in prostate cancer and have highlighted the potential use of specific miRNA expression signatures as prognostic or predictive markers. Here we report an expression analysis of miR-1247-5p, miR-1249, miR-1269a, miR-1271-5p, miR-1290, miR-1291, and miR-1299.

MicroRNA expression profile of primary prostate cancer stem cells as a source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Unlabelled: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were generated from prostate epithelial subpopulations enriched from patient-derived benign prostatic hyperplasia (n=5), Gleason 7 treatment-naive prostate cancer (PCa) (n=5), and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) (n=3). Microarray expression was validated in an independent patient cohort (n=10). Principal component analysis showed that miRNA expression is clustered by epithelial cell phenotype, regardless of pathologic status.

Mapping of the chromosomal amplification 1p21-22 in bladder cancer.

Background: The aim of the study was to characterize a recurrent amplification at chromosomal region 1p21-22 in bladder cancer.

Methods: ArrayCGH (aCGH) was performed to identify DNA copy number variations in 7 clinical samples and 6 bladder cancer cell lines. FISH was used to map the amplicon at 1p21-22 in the cell lines.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following closed sinus floor elevation procedure: mallet osteotomes vs. screwable osteotomes. A triple blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare mallet osteotomes with screwable osteotomes determining benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) following the osteotome closed sinus floor elevation procedure.

Materials And Methods: This triple-blind randomized controlled trial involved 196 patients affected by edentulous atrophic ridges (107 males and 89 females; mean age 62.05±7.

Mandibular lingual vascular canals (MLVC): evaluation on dental CTs of a case series.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the anatomy of the mandibular lingual foramen (MLF) and its linked canals (mandibular lingual vascular canals - MLVC), describing their frequency, diameter, location, and course.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fourteen computed tomography (CT) images of the mandible (57 male and 57 female; mean age 44.70±12.

Dental and periodontal health status in Campanian children and relation between caries experience and socio-economic behavioural factors.

Aim: Our aim was to record oral health situation through mean value of DMFT/dmft, Significant Caries Index (SiC) and CPITN values in a young-population sample in Campania (Italy) and to determine the possible relationship between oral health behaviour, socioeconomic factors and caries experience.

Study Design: Observational study.

Methods: 101 children (age range 5-18 years) were randomly selected from 10 public schools of the Regional Campanian district and visited at the Paediatric Dentistry Department of Federico II University of Naples (Italy).

Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: long-term evaluation of a case series.

The chromatic stability of nonvital discolored teeth, subjected to the combined intracoronal bleaching technique and to endodontic treatment, was evaluated at a distance of 16 yr (1989-2005). The series comprised 50 patients (age range 7-30 yr) selected from among those attending the Dental Clinic at "Federico II" University, Naples, between 1987 and 1989. After 16 yr, only 35 cases could be evaluated: in 22 of these cases (62.