Cancers in France in 2015 attributable to occupational exposures.

Background: Recent and comprehensive estimates for the number of new cancer cases in France attributable to occupational exposures are lacking.

Objectives: To estimate the number of new cancer cases attributable to occupational exposures, using a newly developed methodology and the most recent data, for a comprehensive set of occupational carcinogens in France in 2015.

Methods: Surveys among employees, the national labor force data, a cohort of agricultural workers, national monitoring of workers exposed to ionizing radiation and job-exposure matrix in France were used.

NATIONAL DOSE REGISTER IN FRANCE WITHIN THE NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM SISERI.

Over the past decade, France has developed an electronic dose register at national level called SISERI. Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety is in charge of the management of this information system. Besides the main purpose of being a central register of any doses measured for the individual dosimetric monitoring of all exposed workers, SISERI has been developed so as to constitute a tool for occupational physicians and radiation protection officers allowing access in real-time to the results of the individual monitoring.

Occupational external exposure to ionising radiation in France (2005-2011).

The Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) produces the French annual report on occupational exposure to ionising radiation, collecting all national data and aggregating the results according to a unique activity classification expected to be shared by all involved in personal dosimetric monitoring (employers, external dosimetry services and IRSN). Nearly 344,000 monitored workers were counted in France in 2011, with a collective dose of 64.24 man.

Occupational cataracts and lens opacities in interventional cardiology (O'CLOC study): are X-Rays involved? Radiation-induced cataracts and lens opacities.

Background: The eye is well known to be sensitive to clearly high doses (>2 Gy) of ionizing radiation. In recent years, however, cataracts have been observed in populations exposed to lower doses. Interventional cardiologists are repeatedly and acutely exposed to scattered ionizing radiation (X-rays) during the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures they perform.

Population exposure to ionizing radiation from medical examinations in France.

This study was carried out to update data concerning both the nature and the frequency of X-ray diagnostic procedures and to reassess the associated per caput effective dose in France, given that the only nationwide survey was carried out over 15 years ago. Relevant data concerning examinations in conventional radiology, computed tomography, interventional radiology and nuclear medicine were obtained for the year 2002 from two main sources: the main health insurance records for private practices and the statistics of healthcare establishments on hospital activity. Doses associated with different types of examination were obtained from the diagnostic reference levels (DRL) campaign, together with data from the European Commission and from the Health Protection Agency in the UK.

Effects of ionizing radiation on the activity of the major hepatic enzymes implicated in bile acid biosynthesis in the rat.

In the days following high-dose radiation exposure, damage to small intestinal mucosa is aggravated by changes in the bile acid pool reaching the gut. Intestinal bile acid malabsorption, as described classically, may be associated with altered hepatic bile acid biosynthesis, which was the objective of this work. The activity of the main rate-limiting enzymes implicated in the bile acid biosynthesis were evaluated in the days following an 8-Gy gamma(60)Co total body irradiation of rats, with concomitant determination of biliary bile acid profiles and intestinal bile acid content.

Alteration of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation.

The aim of this work was to study acute alterations of the enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) of bile acids 3 days after an 8-Gy radiation exposure in vivo in the rat by a washout technique. Using this technique in association with HPLC analysis, the EHR of the major individual bile acids was determined in control and irradiated animals. Ex vivo ileal taurocholate absorption was also studied in Ussing chambers.

Screening of a large panel of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels is not adapted for the evaluation of digestive damage following irradiation.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels as biomarkers of radiation-induced digestive tract damage. To this end, plasma levels of substance P, GRP, motilin, PYY, somatostatin-28, gastrin, and neurotensin were followed for up to 5 days in pigs after a 16-Gy whole-body X-irradiation, completed by a histopathological study performed at 5 days. Each peptide gave a specific response to irradiation.

Dose dependence effects of ionizing radiation on bile acid metabolism in the rat.

Purpose: To study radiation dose-related changes of individual or total bile acids in various physiological fluids in order to identify potential bio-indicators of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injuries.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were sham- or whole-body gamma irradiated (1-12Gy). Total and individual bile acids were quantified, 3 days after exposure, in bile collected after catheterization of the bile duct.

Modified bile acid profiles in mixed neutron and gamma-irradiated pigs.

Purpose: To determine the effect of mixed neutron and gamma-irradiation on the bile acid pool, which may be a key factor in radiation-induced diarrhoea.

Materials And Methods: The bile duct of pigs was catheterized to derive bile over several experimental weeks, both before and after a 5.9 Gy neutron and gamma-irradiation.

Whole-body gamma irradiation modifies bile composition in the pig.

The effects of 6 Gy whole-body 60Co gamma irradiation on bile composition in pigs were studied to determine possible alterations in the quality of the bile, which may be a determining factor in diarrhea as well as nutrient malabsorption, which classically occurs after irradiation. The bile duct of pigs was catheterized to allow a total and continuous deviation of bile over several weeks, before and after irradiation. After measurement of the volume and sampling, bile was returned to the animal via a duodenal catheter.

Characterization and kinetics of gastric emptying of peptides derived from milk proteins in the preruminant calf.

The gastric emptying kinetics of peptides derived from milk protein were studied in vivo in preruminant calves by collecting and characterizing the whole effluent leaving the stomach for 12 h after ingestion of crude skim milk. Peptides were isolated by reversed-phase HPLC and identified. Particular attention was paid to biologically active peptides and to peptides that could be precursors of biologically active sequences.

Immobilized Fe3+ affinity chromatographic isolation of phosphopeptides.

Immobilized Fe3+ affinity chromatography is suggested as a means of concentrating phosphopeptides that are present in too low a proportion in a complex mixture to be purified by a single-step method. A high-performance liquid chromatographic system and a chelating Superose HR 10/2 column were used. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using a tryptic hydrolysate of whole casein.