Effects of Genipin Crosslinking of Porcine Perilimbal Sclera on Mechanical Properties and Intraocular Pressure.

The mechanical properties of sclera play an important role in ocular functions, protection, and disease. Modulating the sclera's properties by exogenous crosslinking offers a way to expand the tissue's range of properties for study of the possible influences on the eye's behavior and diseases such as glaucoma and myopia. The focus of this work was to evaluate the effects of genipin crosslinking targeting the porcine perilimbal sclera (PLS) since the stiffness of this tissue was previously found in a number of studies to influence the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP).

3D imaging of aqueous veins and surrounding sclera using a dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy.

Understanding aqueous outflow resistance at the level of aqueous veins has been a challenge to the management of glaucoma. This study investigated resolving the anatomies of aqueous veins and the textures of surrounding sclera using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). A dual wavelength PAM system was established and validated using imaging phantoms, porcine and human globes perfused with an optical contrast agent .

Predicting Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression with Contrastive Attention and Time-Aware LSTM.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Identifying patients at high risk of progression to late AMD, the sight-threatening stage, is critical for clinical actions, including medical interventions and timely monitoring. Recently, deep-learning-based models have been developed and achieved superior performance for late AMD prediction.

Eye Dynamics and Engineering Network Consortium: Baseline Characteristics of a Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults.

Purpose: To improve understanding of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its variance, this project identifies systemic and ocular characteristics of healthy eyes of adult volunteers including IOP variation, ocular biometrics, and aqueous humor dynamics (AHDs). These data serve as baseline controls for further studies from the Eye Dynamics and Engineering Network (EDEN) Consortium.

Design: Multicenter open-label clinical trial in healthy adults randomized to 1 week treatment with 2 approved glaucoma drugs in a crossover design.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Glaucoma Associated With Congenital Ectropion Uvea.

Purpose: To determine the visual outcomes and effectiveness of glaucoma surgeries in congenital ectropion uvea.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Surgeries and examination findings were collected on 11 eyes of 8 patients with congenital ectropion uvea at 2 academic sites from 2001 to 2021.

Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs).

Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using two NCTs, Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST, and two contact tonometers, iCare and Tono-Pen. High-speed videos of the tear film response were captured with at spatial resolution of 20 microns/pixel at 2400 fps.

Method for the biomechanical analysis of aqueous veins and perilimbal sclera by three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging and strain field calculation.

A method motivated by the eye's aqueous veins is described for the imaging and strain calculation within soft biological tissues. A challenge to the investigation of the biomechanics of the aqueous vein-perilimbal sclera tissue complex is resolution of tissue deformations as a function of intraocular pressure and the subsequent calculation of strain (a normalized measure of deformation). The method involves perfusion of the eye with a contrast agent during conduction of non-invasive, optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy.

Longitudinal association of midlife vision impairment and depressive symptoms: the study of Women's Health Across the Nation, Michigan site.

Objective: Poor vision affects physical health but the relationship with depressive symptoms among midlife adults (40-65 y), who often present with early stage vision impairment (VI), is not well understood. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of vision on depressive symptoms during midlife.

Methods: The Michigan site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation conducted assessments of distance visual acuity at six consecutive, near-annual follow-up visits.

The Effects of Topical Timolol and Latanoprost on Calculated Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Nonglaucomatous Volunteers.

To characterize the effects of timolol and latanoprost on calculated ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in a multicenter, prospective, crossover-design study. Nonglaucomatous volunteers were evaluated at baseline, after 1 week of timolol 0.5% dosed twice daily, and after 1 week of latanoprost 0.

Non-invasive Clinical Measurement of Ocular Rigidity and Comparison to Biomechanical and Morphological Parameters in Glaucomatous and Healthy Subjects.

To assess ocular rigidity using dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT) videos in glaucomatous and healthy subjects, and to evaluate how ocular rigidity correlates with biomechanical and morphological characteristics of the human eye. Ocular rigidity was calculated using Friedenwald's empirical equation which estimates the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) produced by volumetric changes of the eye due to choroidal pulsations with each heartbeat. High-speed OCT video was utilized to non-invasively measure changes in choroidal volume through time-series analysis.

Midlife Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function in Later Life: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, Michigan Cohort.

Background: In older adults, vision impairment (VI) is associated with worse cognitive function. However, the relationship between midlife vision and future cognitive function remains unknown.

Methods: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, Michigan site, is a longitudinal cohort of midlife women aged 42-52 years at baseline.

Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT): Baseline Methodology for Implementing and Assessing a Community-based Program.

Precis: The Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program leverages community-engaged research, telemedicine, and health coaching to overcome key logistical and psychosocial barriers to improve glaucoma screening in underserved communities.

Purpose: To describe the methodology of the implementation and evaluation of the MI-SIGHT Program.

Methods: The MI-SIGHT Program uses community engagement, telemedicine, and health coaching to overcome key logistical and psychosocial barriers to glaucoma identification and care among underserved populations.

(RIG-I)-related disease is associated with tissue-specific interferon pathway activation.

Background: Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT) is a rare immunogenetic disorder that variably features juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG), psoriasiform skin rash, aortic calcifications and skeletal and dental dysplasia. Few families have been described and the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum is poorly defined, with variants in (DExD/H-box helicase 58) being one of two identified causes, classified as SGMRT2.

Methods: Families underwent deep systemic phenotyping and exome sequencing.

Phentolamine Mesylate Ophthalmic Solution Provides Lasting Pupil Modulation and Improves Near Visual Acuity in Presbyopic Glaucoma Patients in a Randomized Phase 2b Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Phentolamine mesylate ophthalmic solution (PMOS), applied to the eye topically, was shown previously to have beneficial effects in patients with dim light vision disturbances (DLD), including decreased pupil diameter (PD), improved best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), as well as lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The ORION-1 trial evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of PMOS in a glaucomatous, presbyopic population.

Patients And Methods: In this randomized, double-masked, multi-center, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose Phase 2b trial, 39 patients with elevated IOP were randomized to receive one evening dose of study medication or placebo for 14 days.

Facilitators and Barriers to Glaucoma Screening Identified by Key Stakeholders in Underserved Communities: A Community-engaged Research Approach.

Prcis: Community-engaged research (CER) enables researchers to identify community-specific barriers and facilitators to program implementation. Broadly applicable barriers to glaucoma care, such as Cost, Transportation, and Trust, and community-specific barriers, such as Language and Convenience/Access, were identified.

Purpose: The aim was to identify the facilitators and barriers to implementing glaucoma screening programs in 2 community clinics.

The Appropriateness of Digital Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Images for a Computer-Aided Glaucoma Screening System.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to screen for glaucoma using a Food Drug Administration (FDA) Class II diagnostic digital fundus photography system used for diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS).

Methods: All research participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination as well as non-mydriatic 45°single photograph retinal imaging centered on the macula. Optic nerve images within the 45° non-mydriatic and non-stereo DRS image were evaluated by two methods: 1) grading by three glaucoma specialists, and 2) a computer-aided automated segmentation system to determine the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR).

Novel TMEM98, MFRP, PRSS56 variants in a large United States high hyperopia and nanophthalmos cohort.

Nanophthalmos is a rare condition defined by a small, structurally normal eye with resultant high hyperopia. While six genes have been implicated in this hereditary condition (MFRP, PRSS56, MYRF, TMEM98, CRB1,VMD2/BEST1), the relative contribution of these to nanophthalmos or to less severe high hyperopia (≥ + 5.50 spherical equivalent) has not been fully elucidated.

Usefulness of Icare Home in Telemedicine Workflow to Detect Real-World Intraocular Pressure Response to Glaucoma Medication Change.

Icare® HOME allows intraocular pressure (IOP) sampling by the patient. This technology addresses the barrier of limited IOP data from clinic visits and provides a telemedicine workflow for glaucoma care.

Size Matters for Interplicata Diameter: A Case-Control Study of Plateau Iris.

Purpose: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been used to characterize anterior segment dimensions in plateau iris configuration (PIC), but transverse measurements between the recesses of the ciliary sulcus (sulcus-to-sulcus diameter [STSD]) and the ciliary body processes (interplicata diameter [IPD]) have not been reported. We measured STSD and IPD and compared these among eyes with PIC, primary angle closure (PAC), and control eyes with open angles.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional clinical study.

Surgical outcomes of Glaucoma associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

Background: The surgical management of glaucoma associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) is poorly described in the literature. The goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of various glaucoma surgeries on intraocular pressure (IOP) management in ARS.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a university hospital-based practice of patients diagnosed with ARS between 1973 and 2018.

Glaucoma and Cornea Surgery Outcomes in Peters Anomaly.

Purpose: To conduct a qualitative description of corneal and glaucoma outcomes in Peters anomaly.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Children with Peters anomaly who presented between 1982-2017 were included.

The future of canine glaucoma therapy.

Canine glaucoma is a group of disorders that are generally associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in a characteristic optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in dogs and may be either primary or secondary. Despite the growing spectrum of medical and surgical therapies, there is no cure, and many affected dogs go blind.

Variants in myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) cause autosomal dominant and syndromic nanophthalmos in humans and retinal degeneration in mice.

Nanophthalmos is a rare, potentially devastating eye condition characterized by small eyes with relatively normal anatomy, a high hyperopic refractive error, and frequent association with angle closure glaucoma and vision loss. The condition constitutes the extreme of hyperopia or farsightedness, a common refractive error that is associated with strabismus and amblyopia in children. NNO1 was the first mapped nanophthalmos locus.

Precision medicine to prevent glaucoma-related blindness.

Purpose Of Review: Approximately 10% of patients become blind despite using evidence-based guidelines developed from clinical trials and epidemiology studies. Our purpose is to review opportunities to decrease glaucoma-related blindness using the emerging principles of precision medicine.

Recent Findings: The current review focuses on three topics: first, candidate biomarkers for angle-based surgeries, second, head-mounted display (HMD) technology for vision and testing, and third, glaucoma risk alleles discovered by genome-wide association studies.