Preconcentration of bismuth using nickel hydroxide nanoflower from water samples and determination by FAAS.

In this study, a preconcentration strategy based on Ni(OH) nanoflowers (NFs) was developed for the extraction/separation of bismuth ions from environmental water samples before the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The homogeneous coprecipitation method was employed for the synthesis of the flower-shaped Ni(OH) and used as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of bismuth. The extraction variables were determined by a univariate optimization strategy to obtain maximum extraction performance.

CoSn(OH) nanocubes as a solid sorbent for the effective preconcentration of copper ions in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract.

This study was aimed at developing a simple and efficient CoSn(OH) nanocubes-based preconcentration method for the preconcentration of copper ions from cinnamon extracts for determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The cube-shaped sorbent was synthesized using the simple stoichiometric co-precipitation method under ambient conditions. Experimental factors of the method were evaluated with a comprehensive optimization approach to maximize the extraction efficiency for the analyte.

Implementation of simple and effective fine droplet formation-based spray-assisted liquid phase microextraction for the simultaneous determination of twenty-nine endocrine disruptor compounds and pesticides in rock, soil, water, moss, and feces samples from antarctica using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

This study established the simultaneous determination of the selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pesticides in rock, soil, water, moss, and feces samples collected from the Antarctic region. The spray-assisted droplet formation-based liquid phase microextraction (SADF-LPME) coupled to GC-MS system was developed and validated for the screening and monitoring of 29 selected EDCs and pesticides. Binary solvent system, 1:1 (v/v) dichlormethane: 1,2-dichloroethane mixture was employed as an extraction solvent and sprayed onto sample or standard solutions using a straightforward and practical spray apparatus.

A simple microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and its application for the determination of lead ions in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea.

In this study, a magnetic sorbent assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was used to preconcentrate lead ions from rooibos tea samples for determination by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS). Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFeO MNPs) were synthesized by microwave assisted digestion. Limits of detection and quantification were calculated as 5.

Nickel hydroxide nanoflower-based dispersive solid-phase extraction of copper from water matrix.

In this work, a dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on Ni(OH) nanoflowers (Ni(OH)-NFs-DSPE) was developed to separate and preconcentrate copper ions from tap water samples for determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Ni(OH)-NFs was synthesized using a homogeneous precipitation technique and used as sorbent for copper preconcentration. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized sorbent.

Determination of trace cadmium in saliva samples using spray assisted droplet formation-liquid phase microextraction prior to the measurement by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Background: An effective, green and rapid analytical strategy namely the simultaneous spray assisted droplet formation-liquid phase microextraction (S-SADF-LPME) method was developed for the determination of trace quantity of cadmium in saliva samples by using the slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SQT-FAAS). By the developed method, external dispersive solvent usage for droplet formation was reduced to obtain a more environmental-friendly method.

Methods: Method consists of a simultaneous complexing and extraction step, which was based on spraying an extraction solvent containing a solid ligand into the aqueous sample solution, forming fine droplets without the use of dispersive solvent.

Surface modified iron magnetic nanoparticles assisted Fenton digestion and extraction method for cadmium determination.

This study presents a Fenton digestion method for milk samples based on UV irradiation for cadmium determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was developed as an alternative to microwave digesters, using very basic apparatus and easy to acquire chemicals. Fenton digestion process was performed by the help of citric acid coated magnetic nanoparticles.

Analysis of patient access to orphan drugs in Turkey.

Background: Rare diseases are life-threatening, serious, and chronic conditions that require complex care and have a low prevalence. An estimated one in 15 people worldwide are affected by rare diseases. This study aims to analyze the accessibility, reimbursement status, licensed status, and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes of drugs that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in Turkey considers to be "orphan" pharmaceuticals.

An accurate and sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of glycine, methionine and homocysteine in biological matrices by matrix matching strategy and LC-quadrupole-time-of-flight-MS/MS.

Nowadays, it is well known that early diagnosis directly affects the success of treatment. Biomarkers play a crucial role in early diagnosis of diseases or explanation of pathological condition. The investigation of new biomarkers depends on the reliable quantification of analytes in biological matrices.

Impact of Health Policy Changes on Trends in the Pharmaceutical Market in Turkey.

Background: The implementation phase of the Turkish Health Transformation Program (HTP) began in 2003, with the aim of organizing, financing, and delivering health care services effectively, efficiently, and equally. The HTP impacted all clinical and economic outcomes of health, including pharmaceutical sales, by improving access to health services.

Objectives: To understand the impact of five selected major policy changes that made an impact on supply, demand, or price in the pharmaceutical market between 1998 and 2012.

Cost of heart failure management in Turkey: results of a Delphi Panel.

Objective: To analyze health-related cost of heart failure (HF) and to evaluate health-related source utilization aiming to provide data on the economic burden of HF in actual clinical practice in Turkey.

Methods: The study used the Delphi process of seeking expert consensus of opinion including 11 cardiologists who are experienced in HF. The standardized questionnaire comprised items to reflect the opinion of the expert panelists on the distribution of the HF patients in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics and background disease states.

The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: With recent improvements in vaccines and treatments against viral hepatitis, an improved understanding of the burden of viral hepatitis is needed to inform global intervention strategies. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to estimate morbidity and mortality for acute viral hepatitis, and for cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by viral hepatitis, by age, sex, and country from 1990 to 2013.

Methods: We estimated mortality using natural history models for acute hepatitis infections and GBD's cause-of-death ensemble model for cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Aripiprazole Augmentation Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Compared to Olanzapine and Quetiapine Augmentation in Turkey: A Microsimulation Approach.

Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic illness associated with a major burden on quality of life (QOL) and health care resources. Aripiprazole augmentation to antidepressant treatment was recently approved for patients with MDD responding insufficiently to antidepressant treatment in Turkey. The objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole augmentation in this indication compared with olanzapine and quetiapine augmentation from a payer perspective.