Evaluation of the fracture resistance and failure types of different CAD-CAM ceramic crowns supported by angled titanium abutments.

Purpose: To evaluate the fatigue resistance of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) single-ceramic crowns which were applied on angled implant abutments after thermomechanical aging.

Materials And Methods: Titanium abutments (N = 72, MODE Medical Dental Implant, Turkey) with three different angles (0˚, 15°, and 25°) were restored using different materials (monolithic zirconia [Zir], lithium silicate ceramic reinforced by zirconia [VS], and hybrid ceramic [VE]). Crowns in the maxillary first premolar form were cemented to abutments using resin cement (Panavia 2.

Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity in the individuals with obesity and overweight; A meta-analysis.

Background: Weight in individuals can affect the saliva structure, which has an essential role in caries prevention.

Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to compare individuals with obesity (OB)/overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) in terms of salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC).

Materials And Methods: After electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases) were screened, studies were selected depending on inclusion criteria.

A green energy research: forecasting of wind power for a cleaner environment using robust hybrid metaheuristic model.

Wind is a stochastic and intermittent renewable energy source. Due to its nature, it is extremely hard to forecast wind power. Accurate wind power forecasting can be encouraging and motivating for investors to shed light on future uncertainties caused by global warming.

Predictive processing account of action perception: Evidence from effective connectivity in the action observation network.

Visual perception of actions is supported by a network of brain regions in the occipito-temporal, parietal, and premotor cortex in the primate brain, known as the Action Observation Network (AON). Although there is a growing body of research that characterizes the functional properties of each node of this network, the communication and direction of information flow between the nodes is unclear. According to the predictive coding account of action perception (Kilner, Friston, & Frith, 2007a; 2007b), this network is not a purely feedforward system but has backward connections through which prediction error signals are communicated between the regions of the AON.

Visual tests predict dementia risk in Parkinson disease.

Objective: To assess the role of visual measures and retinal volume to predict the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) dementia.

Methods: In this cohort study, we collected visual, cognitive, and motor data in people with PD. Participants underwent ophthalmic examination, retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography, and visual assessment including acuity and contrast sensitivity and high-level visuoperception measures of skew tolerance and biological motion.

Tool Use Modulates Somatosensory Cortical Processing in Humans.

Tool use leads to plastic changes in sensorimotor body representations underlying tactile perception. The neural correlates of this tool-induced plasticity in humans have not been adequately characterized. This study used ERPs to investigate the stage of sensory processing modulated by tool use.

Distinct representations in occipito-temporal, parietal, and premotor cortex during action perception revealed by fMRI and computational modeling.

Visual processing of actions is supported by a network consisting of occipito-temporal, parietal, and premotor regions in the human brain, known as the Action Observation Network (AON). In the present study, we investigate what aspects of visually perceived actions are represented in this network using fMRI and computational modeling. Human subjects performed an action perception task during scanning.

Uncanny valley as a window into predictive processing in the social brain.

Uncanny valley refers to humans' negative reaction to almost-but-not-quite-human agents. Theoretical work proposes prediction violation as an explanation for uncanny valley but no empirical work has directly tested it. Here, we provide evidence that supports this theory using event-related brain potential recordings from the human scalp.

Assessing cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: An online tool to detect visuo-perceptual deficits.

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) who develop visuo-perceptual deficits are at higher risk of dementia, but we lack tests that detect subtle visuo-perceptual deficits and can be performed by untrained personnel. Hallucinations are associated with cognitive impairment and typically involve perception of complex objects. Changes in object perception may therefore be a sensitive marker of visuo-perceptual deficits in PD.

The recalibration of tactile perception during tool use is body-part specific.

Two decades of research have demonstrated that using a tool modulates spatial representations of the body. Whether this embodiment is specific to representations of the tool-using limb or extends to representations of other body parts has received little attention. Several studies of other perceptual phenomena have found that modulations to the primary somatosensory representation of the hand transfers to the face, due in part to their close proximity in primary somatosensory cortex.

Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Laser Modalities on Shear Bond Strengths of Veneering Porcelains to Laser Sintered Substructures: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: Laser modalities and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have a potential to enhance micromechanical bonding between dental super- and infrastructures. However, the effect of different manufacturing methods on the metal-ceramic bond strength needs further evaluation. We investigated the effect of surface treatment with Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and Ho:YAG lasers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of high-fusion dental porcelains (Vita and G-Ceram) to infrastructures prepared with DMLS in vitro settings.

Visual illusion of tool use recalibrates tactile perception.

Brief use of a tool recalibrates multisensory representations of the user's body, a phenomenon called tool embodiment. Despite two decades of research, little is known about its boundary conditions. It has been widely argued that embodiment requires active tool use, suggesting a critical role for somatosensory and motor feedback.

Is that a human? Categorization (dis)fluency drives evaluations of agents ambiguous on human-likeness.

A fundamental and seemingly unbridgeable psychological boundary divides humans and nonhumans. Essentialism theories suggest that mixing these categories violates "natural kinds." Perceptual theories propose that such mixing creates incompatible cues.

Mental body representations retain homuncular shape distortions: Evidence from Weber's illusion.

Mental body representations underlying tactile perception do not accurately reflect the body's true morphology. For example, perceived tactile distance is dependent on both the body part being touched and the stimulus orientation, a phenomenon called Weber's illusion. These findings suggest the presence of size and shape distortions, respectively.

Observation and imitation of actions performed by humans, androids, and robots: an EMG study.

Understanding others' actions is essential for functioning in the physical and social world. In the past two decades research has shown that action perception involves the motor system, supporting theories that we understand others' behavior via embodied motor simulation. Recently, empirical approach to action perception has been facilitated by using well-controlled artificial stimuli, such as robots.

Ventral aspect of the visual form pathway is not critical for the perception of biological motion.

Identifying the movements of those around us is fundamental for many daily activities, such as recognizing actions, detecting predators, and interacting with others socially. A key question concerns the neurobiological substrates underlying biological motion perception. Although the ventral "form" visual cortex is standardly activated by biologically moving stimuli, whether these activations are functionally critical for biological motion perception or are epiphenomenal remains unknown.

Action verbs are processed differently in metaphorical and literal sentences depending on the semantic match of visual primes.

Language comprehension requires rapid and flexible access to information stored in long-term memory, likely influenced by activation of rich world knowledge and by brain systems that support the processing of sensorimotor content. We hypothesized that while literal language about biological motion might rely on neurocognitive representations of biological motion specific to the details of the actions described, metaphors rely on more generic representations of motion. In a priming and self-paced reading paradigm, participants saw video clips or images of (a) an intact point-light walker or (b) a scrambled control and read sentences containing literal or metaphoric uses of biological motion verbs either closely or distantly related to the depicted action (walking).

Tool morphology constrains the effects of tool use on body representations.

What factors constrain whether tool use modulates the user's body representations? To date, studies on representational plasticity following tool use have primarily focused on the act of using the tool. Here, we investigated whether the tool's morphology also serves to constrain plasticity. In 2 experiments, we varied whether the tool was morphologically similar to a target body part (Experiment 1, hand; Experiment 2, arm).

The emergence of mirror-like response properties from domain-general principles in vision and audition.

Like Cook et al., we suggest that mirror neurons are a fascinating product of cross-modal learning. As predicted by an associative account, responses in motor regions are observed for novel and/or abstract visual stimuli such as point-light and android movements.

EEG theta and Mu oscillations during perception of human and robot actions.

The perception of others' actions supports important skills such as communication, intention understanding, and empathy. Are mechanisms of action processing in the human brain specifically tuned to process biological agents? Humanoid robots can perform recognizable actions, but can look and move differently from humans, and as such, can be used in experiments to address such questions. Here, we recorded EEG as participants viewed actions performed by three agents.

The role of human ventral visual cortex in motion perception.

Visual motion perception is fundamental to many aspects of visual perception. Visual motion perception has long been associated with the dorsal (parietal) pathway and the involvement of the ventral 'form' (temporal) visual pathway has not been considered critical for normal motion perception. Here, we evaluated this view by examining whether circumscribed damage to ventral visual cortex impaired motion perception.

Individual differences in the perception of biological motion: links to social cognition and motor imagery.

Biological motion perception is often claimed to support social cognition, and to rely upon embodied representations and motor imagery. Are people with higher levels of social traits or more vivid motor imagery better at biological motion perception? We administered four experiments measuring sensitivity in using (global) form and (local) motion cues in biological motion, plus well-established measures of social cognition (e.g.

Neuroanatomical correlates of biological motion detection.

Biological motion detection is both commonplace and important, but there is great inter-individual variability in this ability, the neural basis of which is currently unknown. Here we examined whether the behavioral variability in biological motion detection is reflected in brain anatomy. Perceptual thresholds for detection of biological motion and control conditions (non-biological object motion detection and motion coherence) were determined in a group of healthy human adults (n=31) together with structural magnetic resonance images of the brain.

Motion-sensitive cortex and motion semantics in American Sign Language.

Previous research indicates that motion-sensitive brain regions are engaged when comprehending motion semantics expressed by words or sentences. Using fMRI, we investigated whether such neural modulation can occur when the linguistic signal itself is visually dynamic and motion semantics is expressed by movements of the hands. Deaf and hearing users of American Sign Language (ASL) were presented with signed sentences that conveyed motion semantics ("The deer walked along the hillside.