Extreme heat exposure in the first 1000 days: Implications for childhood stunting in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Stunting is a critical public health issue in Bangladesh, a country highly vulnerable to climate change and increased extreme heat exposure. Limited research has examined the relationship between extreme heat during the first 1000 days of life and stunting. This study provides the first evidence from Bangladesh on the likelihood of stunting among children aged 24-59 months following exposure to extreme heat during this crucial developmental period.

Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens and in Canine Clinical Isolates.

The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as and presenting significant challenges. : This study evaluates the effectiveness of amoxicillin against these MDR pathogens in canine isolates using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. : Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and mutation prevention concentration (MPC) were assessed.

Influence of herbal supplementation on nutrient digestibility, blood biomarkers, milk yield, and quality in tropical crossbred cows.

Herbal supplements containing diverse phytochemicals have been proven to improve digestibility, beneficial serum metabolites, milk yield, and quality in cows. However, the temperature sensitivity of phytochemicals in herbs complicates their practical use as livestock supplements. In response, this study aimed to assess how shade-dried plantain, lemongrass, and their combination influence cow performance, digestibility, serum and milk antioxidants, and milk fatty acids.

Influence of Substrate Location and Temperature Variation on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hot Water Treatment.

Hot water treatment (HWT) is a versatile technique for synthesizing metal oxide nanostructures (MONSTRs) by immersing metal substrates in hot water, typically in glass beakers. The proximity of substrates to the heat source during HWT can influence the temperature of the substrate and subsequently impact MONSTR growth. In our study, zinc (Zn) substrates underwent HWT at the base of a glass beaker in contact with a hot plate and at four different vertical distances from the base.

Agricultural extension service, technology adoption, and production risk nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh.

Rice production is inherently risky and volatile, and farmers in Bangladesh face a wide range of risks, including weather, pest and disease attacks, interruptions to input supply, and market-associated risks. Moreover, poor farm households often perceive risks in adopting new technology, even though it could improve productivity and food security. Such households are thus caught in a "risk-induced trap" that precludes them from realizing the benefits of technological innovation.

Modulating effects of heat-killed and live PSC102 on the immune response and gut microbiota of cyclophosphamide-treated rats.

In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live PSC102 (LR; formerly PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.

Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs.

Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages.

Assessment of Plasma Tylosin Concentrations: A Comparative Study of Immunoassay, Microbiological Assay, and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.

Employing affordable and uncomplicated sample preparation techniques to recommend the most efficient antibacterial therapy could help reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the suitability of immunoassays and microbiological assays as alternatives for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in determining plasma tylosin concentrations after intramuscular administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg to both healthy and diseased pigs in clinical veterinary practice. The diseased pigs were confirmed using the target genes () and ().

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiarthritic, Thrombolytic, and Anthelmintic Activity of Methanol Extract of Nees Root.

Nees is an ethnomedicinally potential Asian herb, locally used to treat cardiovascular diseases and coughs. The study was intended to evaluate qualitative and quantitative investigation to ensure numerous pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of Ness root (MELHR). MELHR manifested strong radical scavenging activity in the reducing power and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, and phenol and flavonoid in the quantitative assays.

Therapeutic Potentials of Fruit (Seed) Reflected into an Array of Pharmacological Assays and Prospective Receptors-Mediated Pathways.

(SF), a valuable Bangladeshi fruit, is considered an alternative therapeutic agent. Mainly, seeds are used as nutritional phytotherapy to ease physical and mental status by preventing chronic diseases. Here, we scrutinized the seed's fundamental importance in traditional medicine by following an integrated approach combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies.

Investigation of the Pharmacological Properties of Nees through Experimental Approaches.

Nees is used locally in Ayurvedic medicine to treat coughs and cardiovascular diseases. This study explored its pharmacological potential through in vivo and in vitro approaches for the metabolites extracted (methanolic) from the stems of . A qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced waste scenario: A short overview.

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown situation have shown both positive and negative effects on the environmental aspects. With an unprecedented rate the different types of waste volume have up surged along with the COVID-19 contamination rate. As the situation has mandated people as well as the most infected persons to stay at home, the amount of generated hazardous waste is 3.

Assessing climate-induced agricultural vulnerable coastal communities of Bangladesh using machine learning techniques.

The agricultural arena in the coastal regions of South-East Asian countries is experiencing the mounting pressures of the adverse effects of climate change. Controlling and predicting climatic factors are difficult and require expensive solutions. The study focuses on identifying issues other than climatic factors using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to measure agricultural vulnerability.

The emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage of Middle East-South Asian topotype in Bangladesh.

Objective: This research work was conducted for the molecular characterization of the circulating foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in Bangladesh and revealed out their serotype.

Materials And Methods: The gene of six field isolates of FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes (two serotypes O, two serotypes A, and two serotypes Asia 1) was subjected for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed by using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis 6, having the field nucleotide sequences of FMDV and related sequences available in the GenBank.

Microbial risk assessment of ready-to-eat mixed vegetable salads from different restaurants of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus.

Objective: The study was aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of mixed vegetable salads and to understand the risk related with its consumption from different restaurants around Bangladesh Agricultural University campus in Mymensingh.

Materials And Methods: Sixty (60) samples of mixed vegetable salads were taken from twelve (12) different restaurants in five different time points from each restaurant. In parallel, restaurant workers were asked for handling practices while the consumers were interviewed about their salad consumption pattern and whether they had experienced any health-related problems.

Optimization and partial characterization of culture conditions for the production of alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis P003.

Proteolytic enzymes have occupied a pivotal position for their practical applications. The present study was carried out under shake flask conditions for the production of alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis P003 in basal medium containing glucose, peptone, K2HPO4, MgSO4 and Na2CO3 at pH 10. The effect of culture conditions and medium components for maximum production of alkaline protease was investigated using one factor constant at a time method along with its characterization.

Production and partial characterization of extracellular amylase enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P-001.

Amylases are one of the most important enzymes in present-day biotechnology. The present study was concerned with the production and partial characterization of extracellular amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P-001. The effect of various fermentation conditions on amylase production through shake-flask culture was investigated.

Genotypic diversity of stress response in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus.

Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paraplantarum are three closely related species which are widespread in food and non-food environments, and are important as starter bacteria or probiotics. In order to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of stress tolerance in the L. plantarum group and the ability to mount an adaptive heat shock response, the survival of exponential and stationary phase and of heat adapted exponential phase cells of six L.

Anti-biofilm activity of an exopolysaccharide from a sponge-associated strain of Bacillus licheniformis.

Background: Secondary metabolites ranging from furanone to exo-polysaccharides have been suggested to have anti-biofilm activity in various recent studies. Among these, Escherichia coli group II capsular polysaccharides were shown to inhibit biofilm formation of a wide range of organisms and more recently marine Vibrio sp. were found to secrete complex exopolysaccharides having the potential for broad-spectrum biofilm inhibition and disruption.

Bioactive terpenes from Spongia officinalis.

The terpene metabolite pattern of Mediterranean Spongia officinalis was chemically investigated. This study resulted in the isolation of a series of sesterterpenes and C21 furanoterpenes, according to the literature data on this sponge. Four new oxidized minor metabolites (compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4) were isolated along with six known compounds of the furospongin series (compounds 5-8, 9, and 10) and three scalarane sesterterpenes (compounds 11-13).