Venom-spit ophthalmia: A novel envenomation of Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia).

Handling venomous snakes poses a significant risk of envenomation. In the case of spitting cobras, additional precautions, like wearing face shields, are necessary to prevent ophthalmic envenomation. Although, the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) is not a true spitting cobra, however some spitting events has been reported from Northeastern India and Nepal but ocular envenomation is scarce.

Stage-specific pharmacodynamic chloroquine and pyronaridine action on artemisinin ring-stage resistant Kelch C580Y mutation correlates to hemozoin inhibition process.

The antimalarial quinolines pyronaridine and chloroquine both inhibit hemozoin crystallization, predominately produced by intra-erythrocytic trophozoite stage parasites. Pyronaridine extends activity to ring-stage chloroquine-sensitive parasites, in contrast to chloroquine. Here, we investigated chloroquine and pyronaridine hemozoin inhibition type correlated to stage-specific activity on chloroquine-resistant ring-stage artemisinin sensitive and resistant CamWT and CamWT-C580Y parasites.

lineage and pangenome diversity varies geographically across Bangladesh over one year.

Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by . It remains a major public health challenge in the endemic region around the Bay of Bengal. Over decadal time scales, one lineage typically dominates the others and spreads in global pandemic waves.

Evaluation of the causal effect of maternal education on the utilisation of maternal health services in Bangladesh using an observational study - a comparison of different propensity score methods and covariate adjustment.

Background: Assessing maternal health care utilisation is imperative for the health of both mother and her child. Maternal education is an important determinant in subsequent maternal health care usage, according to research. There is a dearth of research on the causal relationship between maternal education and maternal health services as well as examining the performance of different propensity score methods for estimating absolute effects.

Implications of Big Data Analytics, AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in the Health Care System of Bangladesh: Scoping Review.

Background: The rapid advancement of digital technologies, particularly in big data analytics (BDA), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), is reshaping the global health care system, including in Bangladesh. The increased adoption of these technologies in health care delivery within Bangladesh has sparked their integration into health care and public health research, resulting in a noticeable surge in related studies. However, a critical gap exists, as there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the research landscape; regulatory challenges; use cases; and the application and adoption of BDA, AI, ML, and DL in the health care system of Bangladesh.

Unveiling the dimension of regional disparities: Assessing the disruption of immunisation services by COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted essential health care services worldwide, including those related to immunisation. National data from Bangladesh shows that child immunisation may have been adversely affected by the pandemic but regional evidence is limited. We therefore aimed to explore the regional differences in the indirect effects of COVID-19 on child immunisation in Bangladesh.

Assessing the therapeutic and toxicological profile of novel GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: GLP-1 receptor agonists provide multiple benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, there are also several significant adverse effects associated with these agents. A thorough understanding of both therapeutic and toxicological profiles of GLP-1 receptor agonists is crucial for appropriate utilization of this medication class.

Segmentation of supragranular and infragranular layers in ultra-high-resolution 7T ex vivo MRI of the human cerebral cortex.

Accurate labeling of specific layers in the human cerebral cortex is crucial for advancing our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Building on recent advancements in ultra-high-resolution ex vivo MRI, we present a novel semi-supervised segmentation model capable of identifying supragranular and infragranular layers in ex vivo MRI with unprecedented precision. On a dataset consisting of 17 whole-hemisphere ex vivo scans at 120 $\mu $m, we propose a Multi-resolution U-Nets framework that integrates global and local structural information, achieving reliable segmentation maps of the entire hemisphere, with Dice scores over 0.

Understanding the socio-demographic and programmatic factors associated with adolescent motherhood and its association with child undernutrition in Bangladesh.

Background: Worldwide, a significant number of girls become mothers during adolescence. In Bangladesh, adolescent childbirth is highly prevalent and has adverse effects on children's health and undernutrition. We aimed to identify the relationship between the undernutrition of children and adolescent motherhood, the factors associated with adolescent mothers' age at first birth, and to examine the programmatic factors and gaps influencing children's undernutrition in Bangladesh.

Effect of low-cost kitchen with improved cookstove on birthweight of neonates in Shahjadpur, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Smoke from biomass fuels used for cooking in traditional cookstoves contains a variety of health-damaging pollutants. Inhalation of these pollutants by pregnant women has been linked to abnormal foetal development and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight (LBW). There is a dearth of data on environmental interventions that have the potential to reduce exposure to biomass fuel during pregnancy and improve birth outcomes.

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy by Pediatric Surgeons: Our Early Experience.

Introduction: Pediatric upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is an important procedure in the management of gastrointestinal pathologies. Conventionally, it has been the forte of medical gastroenterologists. However, unlike adults, the availability of pediatric gastroenterologists is limited, especially during emergency hours.

Combining species distribution models and big datasets may provide finer assessments of snakebite impacts.

Background: Snakebite is a major poverty-related neglected tropical disease. An integrated scientific approach is needed to understand the dynamics of this important health issue. Our objective was to estimate snakebite occurrence in a tropical area by using a blend of ecological modelling and robust statistical analysis.

Radiographic Fusion Outcomes for Trinity Cellular Based Allograft versus Local Bone in Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion.

Introduction: Cellular-based autograft (CBA) is being used in posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis as a fusion supplementation alternative.

Objective: To assess radiographic fusion in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar fusion with unilateral Trinity CBA compared with contralateral local bone autograft as an internal control.

Methods: A single surgeon's practice database was interrogated for consecutive patients undergoing primary posterolateral lumbar fusion with Trinity from 2018 to 2021.

Detection of various lung diseases including COVID-19 using extreme learning machine algorithm based on the features extracted from a lightweight CNN architecture.

Around the world, several lung diseases such as pneumonia, cardiomegaly, and tuberculosis (TB) contribute to severe illness, hospitalization or even death, particularly for elderly and medically vulnerable patients. In the last few decades, several new types of lung-related diseases have taken the lives of millions of people, and COVID-19 has taken almost 6.27 million lives.

Measuring the effectiveness of an integrated intervention package to improve the level of infection prevention and control: a multi-centre study in Bangladesh.

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical component of delivering safe, effective and high-quality healthcare services, and eliminating avoidable healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in health facilities, predominantly in population-dense settings such as Bangladesh.

Aim: Our study aimed to assess the effect of an integrated intervention package in improving the IPC level of the health facilities in Bangladesh.

Methods: We conducted a pre-post intervention study in six district hospitals (DHs) and 13 Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) in the six districts of Bangladesh.

Direct Binding Methods to Measure Receptor-Ligand Interactions.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contribute to numerous physiological processes via complex network mechanisms. While indirect signaling assays (Ca mobilization, cAMP production, and GTPS binding) have been useful in identifying and characterizing downstream signaling mechanisms of GPCRs, these methods lack measurements of direct binding affinities, kinetics, binding specificity, and selectivity that are important parameters in GPCR drug discovery. In comparison to existing direct methods that use radio- or fluorescent labels, label-free techniques can closely emulate the native interactions around binding partners.

An Exploratory Review on the Hypoglycemic Action of Unani Anti-diabetic Drugs Possible Modulation of Gut Microbiota.

Background And Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, multi-factorial metabolic disorder and also an important public health issue that requires multi-dimensional therapeutic strategies for effective control. Unani herbs have long been used to effectively mitigate diabetes through various mechanisms. In recent years, it has been speculated that the alteration of gut microbiome ecology is potentially one of the important mechanisms through which the Unani drugs exert hypoglycemic action.

Segmentation of supragranular and infragranular layers in ultra-high resolution 7T MRI of the human cerebral cortex.

Accurate labeling of specific layers in the human cerebral cortex is crucial for advancing our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Leveraging recent advancements in ultra-high resolution MRI, we present a novel semi-supervised segmentation model capable of identifying supragranular and infragranular layers in MRI with unprecedented precision. On a dataset consisting of 17 whole-hemisphere scans at 120 m, we propose a multi-resolution U-Nets framework (MUS) that integrates global and local structural information, achieving reliable segmentation maps of the entire hemisphere, with Dice scores over 0.

Trends and inequity in improved sanitation facility utilisation in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys.

Improved sanitation is indispensable to human health. However, lack of access to improved sanitation remains one of the most daunting public health challenges of the twenty-first century in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to describe the trends in access to improved sanitation facilities following the inequity gap among households in different socioeconomic groups in Bangladesh.

Contribution of socio-economic and demographic factors to maternal and child malnutrition in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationwide survey.

Malnutrition is a major global public health issue, especially for under five children and their mothers. This study examined the relationships between socio-economic and demographic characteristics and under- and over-nutrition in mothers and children of Bangladesh. Using the Nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) data, we performed the multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the relationships between key outcome variables and predictors.

Survey on sea snakebite and related morbidity and mortality among Bangladeshi fishermen in the Bay of Bengal: A pilot study.

Around two million people are engaged in marine fishing in the Bay of Bengal. Bites by sea snakes were common hazards feared by millions fishing at sea in earlier days. Current morbidity and mortality are also not known.

Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) and Its 3D-Printed Quantitate Assessment in Cranial Reconstruction.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, medical imaging, and implant design have all advanced significantly in recent years, and these developments may change how modern craniomaxillofacial surgeons use patient data to create tailored treatments. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is often seen as an attractive option over metal biomaterials in medical uses, but a solid PEEK implant often leads to poor osseointegration and clinical failure. Therefore, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the quantitative assessment of a custom porous PEEK implant for cranial reconstruction and to evaluate its fitting accuracy.