Toxicity, Deterrent and Repellent Activities of Four Essential Oils on (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Chemical insecticides have many harmful effects, including as foodborne residues and environmental contaminants, as well as side effects on natural enemies and serious risks for human health. The use of plant-derived essential oils (EOs) as effective bio-agents has become an essential component of integrated pest management. In this study, the contact toxicity, deterrent, and repellent activities were evaluated for essential oils obtained from , and , grown at high altitudes in the Taif region, KSA, on .

Mating behaviour and behavioural ecology of a Predatory Wasp, (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Eumeninae).

This paper represents an attempt to investigate the mating behaviour of , explaining the willingness of male to mount and copulate. The male displays including mode and frequency of antennation and position while copulating, the displays further comprises of intensity and frequency of rejecting behaviour. The presence of the male's copulatory and postcopulatory courtship studies, understands the maintenance of monandry.

Pathogenicity and Side Effect of Indigenous on and (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

This study aimed to estimate the virulence of an indigenous on all developmental stages of two indigenous coccinellids; and through three application methods; direct spray, contact method, and feeding on aphids treated with the fungus (ingestion). Also, indirect effect on all developmental stages resulted from 1st larval instar treated with these application methods. All treatments were done with a concentration of 1 × 10 which was recommended in previous studies for different aphid species with a control of 0.

Evaluation of Five Medicinal Plant Extracts on (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Its Predator, (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under Laboratory Conditions.

Botanical insecticides that degrade rapidly are safer than persistent synthetic chemical insecticides, less harmful to the environment, decrease production costs and are not likely to cause insecticide resistance among pests. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of five different botanical extracts on the bean aphid, and the 2nd larval instar of the green lacewing, under laboratory conditions. Also, the flavonoids in the methanolic extracts of these tested plants were detected using HPLC analysis.