Effect of Whole-Body Electrical Muscle Stimulation Training on Inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Overweight Men.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in overweight men.

Methods: We divided 30 participants into EMS and control groups. The training program for the EMS group comprised 20 WB-EMS sessions (7 weeks, three sessions per week).

Combined Ursolic Acid and Resistance/Endurance Training Improve Type 3 Diabetes Biomarkers-Related Memory Deficits in Hippocampus of Aged Male Wistar Rats.

Background: Both aging and diabetes are two well-established risk factors related to type 3 diabetes and memory deficits. Accordingly, diabetes multiplies the effects of aging on cognition impairments once these conditions occur simultaneously.

Methods: In this present experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D were randomized into seven groups ( = eight animals per group): (1) sedentary old non-diabetic (C); (2) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D (D); (3) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (UA) (DU); (4) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DE); (5) resistance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DR); (6) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (DEU); and (7) resistance-trained STZ-diabetic plus UA (DRU) rats.

The effect of green coffee and/or endurance exercise on sperm function in pre-diabetic mice.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of green coffee (GC), chlorogenic acid (CA) as an active ingredient of GC and exercise, alone or in a combination with exercise, on spermatogenesis and sperm function in pre-diabetic mice. Results revealed that pre-diabetic status can have a significant adverse effect on spermatogenesis (Johnson score), and sperm concentration, motility, DNA damage and persistent histone in compared to the control group. Although lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS production, and persistent histones in sperm were high in pre-diabetic mice, exercise only can improve sperm motility.

Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise in Brain Disorders: a Focus on the Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-a Narrative Review.

The natural aging process as well as many age-related diseases is associated with impaired metabolic adaptation and declined ability to cope with stress. As major causes of disability and morbidity during the aging process, brain disorders, including psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, are likely to increase across the globe in the future decades. This narrative review investigates the link among exercise and brain disorders, aging, and inflammatory biomarkers, along with the function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Age-related biochemical dysfunction in 6-OHDA model rats subject to induced- endurance exercise.

Exercise can alleviate the disorders considered as the normal consequences of aging. Whether or not the treadmill endurance training affects the biochemical markers in the Parkinson's disease model rats after the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection is assessed in this article. The experimental groups of N=8 rats consist of 1) Saline and Young sedentary (S-Young); 2) Saline and Old sedentary (S-Old); 3) Young and 6-OHDA without exercise (Y); 4) Young and 6-OHDA with exercise (YE); 5) Old and 6-OHDA without exercise (O); and 6) Old and 6-OHDA with exercise (OE).

Aerobic exercise modulates noncoding RNA network upstream of FNDC5 in the Gastrocnemius muscle of high-fat-diet-induced obese mice.

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of aerobic exercise with a fat-rich diet on ncRNAs expression associated with FNDC5 in the Gastrocnemius muscle of the obese mice. Twenty-five male mice were grouped into two categories of normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HF) treatments for three months. For the subsequent treatment, HF-fed animals (obese) were proceeded in four groups: HF-Trained (n = 5), HF-Untrained (n = 5), ND-Trained (n = 5), and ND-Untrained (n = 5).

Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice.

Background: Insulin resistance is associated with prediabetes and further progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate novel hepatic lncRNAs associated with key genes in insulin resistance in prediabetes.

Methods: In the bioinformatics phase, we have collected screened a pool of lncRNAs and mRNAs according to their potential association to prediabetic condition.

Meta-inflammatory state and insulin resistance can improve after 10 weeks of combined all-extremity high-intensity interval training in sedentary overweight/obese females: a quasi-experimental study.

Objective: The effects of exercise training on suppression of inflammation have been proposed as a therapeutic approach in recent years to modify the obesity-induced inflammatory status and immunometabolic disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impacts of an all-extremity combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory state and glycolipid metabolism in young sedentary overweight and obese females.

Method: This was an quasi-experimental study which was applied by comparing two groups.

Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Model.

Exercise exerts helpful effects in Parkinson's disease. In this study, the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection was used to investigate the effect of exercise on apomorphine-induced rotation and neurorestoration. Rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: (1) Saline+Noexercise (Sham); (2) 6-OHDA+Noexercise (6-OHDA); (3) Saline+Exercise (S+EXE), and (4) 6-OHDA+Exercise (6-OHDA+EXE).

Combined All-Extremity High-Intensity Interval Training Regulates Immunometabolic Responses through Toll-Like Receptor 4 Adaptors and A20 Downregulation in Obese Young Females.

Metainflammation and malfunctions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are related to obesity-induced immunometabolic morbidities. There are almost no studies relating exercise training to the TLR4 pathway and its adaptors and negative regulators. Thirty young women with obesity (exercise group and control group) were included in a 10-week all-extremity combined high-intensity interval training program.

The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions.

Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization.

Assessment of the Effect of Short-Term Combined High-Intensity Interval Training on TLR4, NF-κB and IRF3 Expression in Young Overweight and Obese Girls.

Obesity is commonly associated with immunometabolic dysfunctions. Activation of inflammatory macrophages through TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) and the anti-inflammatory impact of exercise have been and are the new concerns among researchers. A new short-term combined high-intensity interval training was proposed in young sedentary overweight/obese females.

The effect of preventive exercise on the neuroprotection in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat brain.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and learning deficiency. Physical exercise can alleviate these symptoms by increasing the expression of some effective and relevant factors. The preventive effect of 16-week treadmill running in a rat model of Parkinson's disease, before 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induction, was assessed.

Effects of Preventive Treadmill Exercise on the Recovery of Metabolic and Mitochondrial Factors in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, while exercise can induce essential pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we tested whether long-term preventive treadmill training (16 weeks, 21 m/min, and 0° inclinations for 50 min/d, 5 d/week) effects the mitochondrial and neurodegeneration markers, in the striatum of rats in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease. Following 16 weeks of exercise or no exercise period (n = 16 rats per group), the animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8 per group): (1) no exercise and saline (SED), (2) exercise and saline (EX), (3) no exercise and 6-OHDA (SED + 6-OHDA), and (4) exercise and 6-OHDA (EX + 6-OHDA).

Comparative studies on the effects of high-fat diet, endurance training and obesity on Ucp1 expression in male C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Obesity triggers a variety of severe conditions, therefore deteriorates metabolism rate of adipose tissues and muscles. Uncoupling proteins which are highly stimulated by fatty acids are potential targets for anti-obesity agents through breaking the electron gradient in the mitochondrial matrix and creating imbalances in the electron transport chain, thereby increasing the amount of substrate used to produce energy. Therefore, the aim of present study is assessment of exercise and high fat diet on expression level of Ucp1 subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues (scWAT & BAT) respectively.

A comparative study on the effects of high-fat diet and endurance training on the PGC-1α-FNDC5/irisin pathway in obese and nonobese male C57BL/6 mice.

The present study was performed to clarify how a combined exercise/diet treatment could affect the expression level of the muscle fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) with respect to body fat mass. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups including low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets for 12 weeks. Then, LF fed (nonobese) and HF fed mice (obese) were divided into the following 4 groups: HF-Exercise, HF-Sedentary, LF-Exercise, and LF-Sedentary.

The Effect of Karate Techniques Training on Communication Deficit of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

This investigation examined the long term effect of Karate techniques training on communication of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty school aged children with ASD were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Participants in the exercise group were engaged in 14 weeks of Karate techniques training.

Short-term Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Obesity and Cardiovascular Fitness of 12-14-year-old Boy Students.

Background: Some local governments have implemented strategies to increase physical activity as a way to control obesity in children, but in Iranian students few studies have evaluated the effects of such interventions on overweight and obese children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term school-based physical activity on obesity and cardiovascular fitness in 12-14-year-old boy students.

Methods: This study showed an intervention effect on some health-related fitness factors in students.

Short-term Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Obesity and Aerobic Fitness of Adolescent Girls.

Background: In the past two decades, physical activity has decreased during both childhood and adolescence, and particularly adolescence. It seems that schools are attractive settings in which to implement interventions designed in order to promote physical activity in children; but in Iranian students, few studies have evaluated the effects of such interventions on overweight and obese children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term school-based physical activity on obesity and aerobic fitness in 12-14 years aged girls.

Correlation between Aerobic Fitness and Body Composition in Middle School Students.

Background: Since correlations have been found between body composition and physical activity in different parts of the world, inactivity and poor physical condition likely contributes main factors in childhood obesity. This study was implemented to determine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and body-composition in a group of Iranian middle school students.

Methods: In this descriptive study, subjects comprised of 12,946 students (10,531 girls and 2,415 boys aged 11-13 years) in the city of Isfahan.

Kata techniques training consistently decreases stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder.

The effects of 14 weeks of Kata techniques training on stereotypic behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated. The study included 30 eligible (diagnosed ASD, school age) children with ages ranging from 5 to 16 years whom they assigned to an exercise (n=15) or a no-exercise control group (n=15). Participants of the exercise group received Kata techniques instruction four times per week for 14 weeks (56 sessions).

The effect of Ti Chi exercise on the sleep quality of the elderly residents in Isfahan, Sadeghieh elderly home.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common among older adults. Recently there is much interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) from the population in general, and the elderly are no exception. Tai Chi exercise as a CAM can be performed by older adults.