Determining the optimal level and the effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period.

Background: Trace elements, such as zinc, magnesium and copper, are essential for improving the performance and health of broiler breeders and the development of chicken embryos. These elements are integral to various proteins involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and the immune system, necessitating their inclusion in small amounts in poultry diets.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the optimal level and effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period.

Production and Optimization of Conjugated Linoleic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids by in Cold-Pressed Soybean Cake.

Background And Purpose: In regard to the biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by some bacteria, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on soybean pressed cake (SPC) to produce CLA and EPA by . The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on SPC to produce CLA and EPA by .

Methods: Process conditions including humidity, inoculation level, and temperature parameters were optimized by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM) method (response surface method) and the design expert software.

Effects of Varying Dietary Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, Linoleic, and α-Linolenic Acid Levels on Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipids and Neutral Lipids in the Liver of Atlantic Salmon, .

Fish oil, the most abundant natural source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is a limited resource; however, terrestrial oils are used as an alternative in fish nutrition. The liver of Atlantic salmon is able to synthesize these two long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LC-PUFAs) from α-linolenic acid (ALA), but the dietary levels of EPA + DHA and the ratios of linoleic acid (LNA) to ALA may affect its abilities. Feeding Atlantic salmon four experimental diets containing EPA + DHA at 0.