Beyond Death: Unmasking the Intricacies of Apoptosis Escape.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, maintains tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells. However, cells can evade this process, contributing to conditions such as cancer. Escape mechanisms include anoikis, mitochondrial DNA depletion, cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), mitotic slippage, anastasis, and blebbishield formation.

Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics of a BCS Class III Drug with Two Different Study Designs: Tenofovir Alafenamide Monofumarate Film-coated Tablet.

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a BCS Class III compound and an oral pro-drug of Tenofovir (TFV) with limited oral bioavailability. The bioavailability of the oral intake increases with food as a result of the low stability of the active substance in the stomach. The reference drug is "Vemlidy® 25 mg Film Tablet", which contains 25 mg of TAF in "hemifumarate" form, is under patent protection until 15.

Successful use of minimal invasive debridement plus negative pressure wound therapy under skin flap and axillary region for refractory postmastectomy seroma: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study.

Seroma is the most common wound complication due to dead space remaining after mastectomy and axillary dissection. Seroma formation, which causes pain and tension, together with the limitations of shoulder and arm movements, can cause wound healing problems that can progress to wound dehiscence and flap necrosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of continuous drainage and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in breast cancer patients with refractory postmastectomy seroma.

Cell culture and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a solid dosage formulation containing a water-insoluble orphan drug manufactured by FDM-3DP technology.

The in-vitro cytotoxicity, in-vitro permeability and in-vivo pharmacokinetics of a BCS Class-II drug - rufinamide - in a 3DP tablet formulation were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of the 3DP tablet formulation was evaluated with an MTT test; in-vitro permeability was evaluated with a Caco-2 cell culture study; and in-vivo pharmacokinetics were evaluated in Wistar albino male rats. The pharmacokinetic studies were performed following a two-sequence and single-period design approach.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on rats with post-operative ileus.

Background: Post-operative ileus (POI) is a type of bowel dismotility causing accumulation of gas and fluid. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been frequently used for medical applications such as pain treatment and nervous stimulation. In this experimental animal model of POI, our aim is to investigate the effects of TENS on POI, and to demonstrate histopathological changes in rat intestine after TENS application.

Sublingual immunisation with GBS serotype III capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses which are opsonophagocytic and inhibit GBS colonisation of vaginal epithelial cells.

No vaccines are currently licensed against Group B streptococcus (GBS), an important cause of morbidity and mortality in babies and adults. Using a mouse model, and in vitro opsonophagocytosis and colonisation assays, we evaluated the potential of a sublingually-administered polysaccharide-conjugate vaccine against GBS serotype III. Sublingual immunisation of mice with 10 µg of GBS conjugate vaccine once a week for 5 weeks induced a substantial systemic IgG anti-polysaccharide response which was similar to the level induced by subcutaneous immunsation.

A Study to Compare Bioequivalence Approach Between FDA and EMA in a Highly Variable Drug: Pinaverium Bromide Film Tablets.

The aim of this study is to investigate pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference film tablet formulations of a highly variable drug, pinaverium bromide, under fasting conditions and to assess their bioequivalence in accordance with the FDA and EMA criteria. A randomised open-label, single oral dose, three-sequence, three-period, semi-replicated, cross-over trial was conducted with 36 healthy subjects. The intrasubject variability of reference products for C and AUC was found to be more than 50%.

Primary necrotizing fasciitis of the breast. Case series with 5 patients.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an aggressive, necrotic, life-threatening infection of the soft tissues. The delay on treatment is generally accompanied by almost 90 % lethality according to the development of septic shock and its associated complications. Primary Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast (PNFB) is seen extremely rare.

The use of autologous epidermal grafts for diabetic foot ulcer emergencies: A clinical study.

Background: There are various surgical and invasive treatment systems such as conservative skin grafts and autologous epider-mal grafting (AEG) for diabetic foot ulcers. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a novel epidermal graft harvesting system in diabetic foot ulcer emergencies.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted with 15 diabetic foot ulcer patients, and after written and signed consent forms were taken, AEG system was applied to all patients.

Haematological inflammatory markers for indicating ischemic bowel in patients with incarcerated abdominal wall hernias.

Purpose: To reveal the clinical significance of preoperative haematological inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of abdominal wall hernias with strangulation.

Methods: The data of 200 patients who underwent surgery for incarcerated hernia were retrospectively analysed. The patients were grouped into three groups; Group 1; only surgical reduction and hernia repair, Group 2; small bowel resection and Group 3; omentum resection.

30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Cohort Study of 7704 Patients from 42 Countries.

Background: There are data on the safety of cancer surgery and the efficacy of preventive strategies on the prevention of postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 in these patients. But there is little such data for any elective surgery. The main objectives of this study were to examine the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine the efficacy of perioperative COVID-19 protective strategies on postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 rates.

Hearing the Voices of Wingless Angels: A Critical Content Analysis of Nurses' COVID-19 Experiences.

The world has been affected by an outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Health care workers are among those most at risk of contracting the virus. In the fight against the coronavirus, nurses play a critical role.

Improving the dissolution of a water-insoluble orphan drug through a fused deposition modelling 3-Dimensional printing technology approach.

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a rare form of childhood epilepsy. Rufinamide is an orphan drug indicated for the treatment of LGS. Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) is a process in which solid objects are created based on a digital file by adding materials layer by layer.

Comparison of ıncisional hernia models ın rats: an experimental study.

Purpose: Incisional hernia repair is a frequently performed operation worldwide. In this experimental study, our aim is to present the incisional hernia model after creating midline laparotomy and several type of defects on abdominal wall of the rats. Thereby, the method determined here may be used in future experimental incisional hernia repair studies.

New Findings on Autoimmune Etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 Levels of Patients.

Background: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics breast cancer, and the etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully evaluated. Autoimmunity has received the most focus as a possible etiology. Our aim in this prospective clinical study was to investigate the possible association between the cytokines, interleukin IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and IGM.

Role of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Postoperative Muscle and Nerve Function of Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy.

This study aimed to postoperatively evaluate the effects of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) on muscles and nerves in patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM). In the 11 patients included in the study, nerves were determined and protected by nerve monitoring during the axillary dissection (IONM group). In another 11 patients, nerve monitoring was not performed; however, protection of the same nerves was attempted through careful nerve dissection (cautious nerve dissection [CND] group).

The effect on morbidity of the use of prophylactic abdominal drain following elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the clinical role of the routine use of a drain in an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation applied to patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis not showing acute inflammation.

Method: Following laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder, patients were separated into two groups of 30 each, either with subhepatic drain placement or without. The presence of subhepatic fluid collection was evaluated with transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) at 24 hours postoperatively and on the 7th day.

Correlation of pelvic fractures and associated injuries: An analysis of 471 pelvic trauma patients.

Background: In most respects, the vast majority of pelvic injuries is not of a life-threatening status, but co-presence of other injuries needs to be diagnosed. This study aims to evaluate associated pelvic and extra-pelvic visceral organ injuries of the patients with closed pelvic fractures.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 471 adult patients who had been admitted to our Emergency Service with the diagnosis of pelvic fractures.

Comparison of single-incision and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of quality of life, body image, and cosmesis.

Background: Clinical studies indicate that single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has many advantages over conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC), such as improved cosmesis, reduced postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay. The aim of this study was to compare quality of life, body image, and cosmesis between single-incision laparoscopic and conventional laparoscopic approaches in patients undergoing cholecystectomies.

Subjects And Methods: This retrospective study between SILC and CLC and was conducted among 58 patients undergoing SILC and CLC from January 2011 to March 2013 in Turkey.

Mortality determiners for fall from height cases.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of body mass index (BMI) and trauma severity score systems on the mortality rates of patients undergoing surgery due to falls from height.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 consecutive adult patients with multitrauma who were admitted and operated on due to a fall from height between January 2008 and December 2016. Patients were divided into mortality and recovery groups (n=10 and n=35, respectively).

Effect of postoperative ischemia on steroid hormone receptors and c-erbB-2 levels in breast cancer tissue.

Objectives: Postoperative ischemia could affect the evaluation of breast cancer tissue for steroid hormone receptors and c-erbB2 levels until fixation using formalin. The misevaluation of steroid hormone receptors and c-erbB2 levels, which are important prognostic factors in the treatment of breast cancer, could change treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of postoperative ischemia on a breast cancer tissue sample, particularly on steroid hormone receptors and c-erbB2 expression level.

Development and in vitro evaluation of pH-independent release matrix tablet of weakly acidic drug valsartan using quality by design tools.

The main objective of this study was the development of pH-independent controlled release valsartan matrix tablet in Quality by design (QbD) framework. The quality target product profile (QTPP), critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) were defined by science and risk-based methodologies. Potential risk factors were identified with Fishbone diagram.

Nano-sized Soluplus® polymeric micelles enhance the induction of tetanus toxin neutralising antibody response following transcutaneous immunisation with tetanus toxoid.

The use of Soluplus® polymeric micelles as a novel adjuvant for tetanus toxoid (TTxd) in transcutaneous immunisation was evaluated. TTxd was added to Soluplus® polymeric micelles to form TTxd-Soluplus® nano-aggregates with a size of 68nm. Non-adjuvanted TTxd commonly induces very poor antibody response by the transcutaneous route.

International collaborative study for establishment of the 2nd WHO International Standard for Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide.

In this report we present the results of a collaborative study for the preparation and calibration of a replacement International Standard (IS) for Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate; 5-d-ribitol-(1 → 1)-β-d-ribose-3-phosphate; PRP). Two candidate preparations were evaluated. Thirteen laboratories from 9 different countries participated in the collaborative study to assess the suitability and determine the PRP content of two candidate standards.