Performance of HPV Self-Sample Collected by a Novel Kit in Comparison with Clinician Collected Sample for Cervical Cancer Screening.

Background And Objectives: We are reporting the performance of HPV self-sample collected by a novel kit in comparison with clinician collected cervical sample for HPV testing for cervical cancer screening.

Methods: Consenting, eligible women aged 25 to 60, with a positive cervical cancer screening test report in the past one year but without any prior treatment for cervical abnormalities were enrolled in the study. Each woman provided 2 samples for the HPV test (vaginal self-sample collected with the CERVICHECKTM, an indigenous kit from India and cervical sample collected by the clinician).

Repurposing Pitavastatin and L-Glutamine: Replenishing β-Cells in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with obesity and declining β-cells. L-glutamine has been implicated in the amelioration of T2D by virtue of its incretin secretagogue property while, there are mixed reports on pitavastatin's adiponectin potentiating ability. We aimed to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (P), L-glutamine (LG), and combination (P + LG) on glycemic control and β-cell regeneration in a high-fat diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D mouse model.

A novel therapeutic combination of sitagliptin and melatonin regenerates pancreatic β-cells in mouse and human islets.

Autoimmune-led challenge resulting in β-cell loss is responsible for the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melatonin, a pineal hormone or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, has increased β-cell mass in various diabetic models and has immunoregulatory property. Both β-cell regenerative capacity and melatonin secretion decrease with ageing.

Calorie restriction potentiates the therapeutic potential of GABA in managing type 2 diabetes in a mouse model.

Dysfunctional adipocytes/β-cells advance type 2 diabetes (T2D). Calorie restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts regenerative effects. The impact of therapies was assessed by a high-fat diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ) induced T2D mouse model.

Diabetes mellitus and melatonin: Where are we?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related complications are amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The international diabetes federation (IDF) has estimated 592 million people to suffer from DM by 2035. Hence, finding a novel biomolecule that can effectively aid diabetes management is vital, as other existing drugs have numerous side effects.

β-cell replenishment: Possible curative approaches for diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of heterogeneous etiology marked by persistent hyperglycemia. Exogenous insulin is the only treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet transplantation is a potential long cure for T1D but is disapproved due to the possibility of immune rejection in the later stage.

Publisher Correction: A genetic analysis identifies a haplotype at adiponectin locus: Association with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Insights into the functional aspects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in mitochondrial homeostasis in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Background Information: Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is predominantly a nuclear protein and involved in various cellular processes like DNA repair, cell death, development, chromatin modulation etc. PARP-1 utilizes NAD and adds negatively charged PAR moieties on the target proteins. Over-activation of PARP-1 has been shown to cause energy crisis mediated cell death in which mitochondrial homeostasis is also affected.

A genetic analysis identifies a haplotype at adiponectin locus: Association with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Adiponectin is a prime determinant of the status of insulin resistance. Association studies between adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolic diseases have been reported earlier. However, results are ambiguous due to apparent contradictions.

Intron specific polymorphic site of vaspin gene along with vaspin circulatory levels can influence pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

Vaspin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of genotypes and high-risk alleles of vaspin genetic variants (rs77060950 G/T and rs2236242 A/T), in Gujarat subpopulation (India). Genomic DNA isolated from PBMCs was used to genotype vaspin polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR from 502 controls and 478 patients.

Circulatory Omentin-1 levels but not genetic variants influence the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Omentin-1, an anti-inflammatory protein, is secreted by the visceral adipose tissue. Altered levels of Omentin-1 are associated with obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Although Omentin-1 is implicated in the insulin signaling pathway, the relationship between the genetic variants of Omentin-1 and T2D is not yet explored.

Genetic variants of tumor necrosis factor-α and its levels: A correlation with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.

Background & Aim: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its genetic variants are implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a result of systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate i) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNF-α and its association with altered TNF-α transcript levels and plasma concentrations ii) free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations as a marker for dyslipidemia and its association with TNF-α and iii) genotype-phenotype correlation analysis in T2D patients.

Methods: Plasma and PBMCs were separated from venous blood of 478 diabetic patients and 502 age-matched non-diabetic individuals.

Genetic variants of resistin and its plasma levels: Association with obesity and dyslipidemia related to type 2 diabetes susceptibility.

Resistin, an adipokine, is involved in obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The current study evaluates the association between RETN polymorphisms (-638 G/A, -420C/G & -358 G/A) and the risk towards T2D. Controls and T2D patients were enrolled from Gujarat, India.

Association of melatonin &MTNR1B variants with type 2 diabetes in Gujarat population.

Aim/hypothesis: Melatonin is a circadian rhythm regulator and any imbalance in its levels can be related to various metabolic disorders. Melatonin and the genetic variants of Melatonin Receptor 1B (MTNR1B) are reported to be associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate i) plasma melatonin levels ii) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of MTNR1B and iii) Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis in T2D patients.