Antibiofilm Activity of and and Their Synergistic Effects in Combination with Antimicrobial Agents against Fluconazole-Resistant Strains and MRSA.

The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health concern that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases. One major approach adopted to overcome antimicrobial resistance is the use of plant extracts individually and/or with combination of antibiotics with plant extracts, which may lead to new ways of treating infectious diseases and essentially representing a potential area for further future investigations. In this study, the antifungal activities of leaf and flower extracts against fluconazole-resistant strains (isolated from pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis) and anti-methicillin-resistant (MRSA) were evaluated by agar well diffusion, microdilution, and biofilm inhibition assays.

Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection that affects women of reproductive age. Its increased occurrence and associated treatment cost coupled to the rise in resistance of the causative pathogen to current antifungal therapies has necessitated the need for the discovery and development of novel effective antifungal agents for the treatment of the disease. We report in this study the anti-Candida albicans activity of Solanum torvum 70% ethanol fruit extract (STF), fractions and some isolated compounds against four (4) fluconazole-resistant strains of C.

Evaluation of the Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Effects of Some Chewing Sticks Commonly Used for Oral Hygiene in Ghana.

Microbial etiology of diarrhea is a significant cause of death, especially in children in developing countries. The presence of microbes that are resistant to current treatment options for diarrhea suggests the need to find newer antimicrobial agents for treatment. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial effect of some Ghanaian chewing sticks commonly used for oral hygiene, , and , against selected diarrhea-causing organisms.

Invasive morphological transitions and immunoadaptations mediating antifungal resistance.

Background And Aims: Thom is a pathogen of public health and agricultural importance for its seamless abilities to expand its ecological niche. The aim of this study was holistically to investigate morphological and immunoadaptations and their implication in antifungal resistance and proliferation during infection.

Materials And Methods: In-depth unstructured mining of relevant peer-reviewed literature was performed for morphological, immune, resistance, and genetic diversity based on the sequenced calmodulin-like gene.

Cochliobolus lunatus down-regulates proteome at late stage of colonization and transiently alters StNPR1 expression in Solanum tuberosum L.

Cochliobolus lunatus abundantly produces four-celled conidia at high temperatures (>30 °C) and under suitable conditions; the fungus colonizes potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by adopting different invasion strategies at the microscopic level. Long-lasting defence during infection requires an upsurge in proteome changes particularly pathogenesis-related proteins chiefly under the control of nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related proteins.

Investigation on the biotrophic interaction of Ustilago esculenta on Zizania latifolia found in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Ustilago esculenta is a uniquely flavored biotrophic smut fungus that forms a smut gall on the top internodal region of Zizania latifolia, a perennial wild rice found in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The smut gall is an edible vegetable locally called "kambong" in Manipur, India. The life cycle of the fungus was studied in vitro and its biotrophism was observed during different stages of the plant growth starting from the bud stage to decaying stage using light, fluorescent and electron microscopy.

Current trends in outwitting resistance development in Candida infections through photodynamic and short peptide therapies: a strategic-shift from conventional antifungal agents.

Disequilibrium in the human debilitated immune system favors proliferation of invasive Candida species, a major therapeutic challenge due to development of resistance to several conventional antifungal agents (CAA) worldwide. Multiple mutations observed at specific loci that are targets for CAA are recognized as sources of drug resistance. This has prompted a shift from CAA, to diverse combination therapies, photodynamic and short peptide therapies capable of triggering specific apoptotic reactions within candidal cells.

Biotrophic interaction of Sporisorium scitamineum on a new host--Saccharum spontaneum.

Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic smut fungus harbored inside the smut gall on the top internodal region of Saccharum spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The interactions of spined conidia of S. scitamineum with S.

Virus tolerance and recovery from viral induced-symptoms in plants are associated with transcriptome reprograming.

Plant recovery from viral infection is characterized by initial severe systemic symptoms which progressively decrease, leading to reduced symptoms or symptomless leaves at the apices. A key feature to plant recovery from invading nucleic acids such as viruses is the degree of the host's initial basal immunity response. We review current links between RNA silencing, recovery and tolerance, and present a model in which, in addition to regulation of resistance (R) and other defence-related genes by RNA silencing, viral infections incite perturbations of the host physiological state that trigger reprogramming of host responses to by-pass severe symptom development, leading to partial or complete recovery.

First proteome study of sporadic flowering in bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus manipureanus) reveal the boom is associated with stress and mobile genetic elements.

Bamboo species are the fastest-growing plants having a long vegetative cycle. Abrupt switching from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase via sporadic flowering boom, occasionally leads to death of bamboo clumps, and threatens the existence of many bamboo species. To apprehend the molecular mechanism driving sporadic flowering, proteome changes in the initial and advanced floral buds of two edible bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus manipureanus) was dissected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).

Cochliobolus lunatus colonizes potato by adopting different invasion strategies on cultivars: New insights on temperature dependent-virulence.

Extreme temperature fluctuations affect the interaction dynamics of Cochliobolus lunatus through temperature-dependent virulence, virulence differentiation and induced-virulence which poses a major threat to global food security. The relationship between higher temperature and pathogenicity of C. lunatus on reported hosts are poorly understood.

Host-range dynamics of Cochliobolus lunatus: from a biocontrol agent to a severe environmental threat.

We undertook an investigation to advance understanding of the host-range dynamics and biocontrol implications of Cochliobolus lunatus in the past decade. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) farms were routinely surveyed for brown-to-black leaf spot disease caused by C. lunatus.

An effective protocol for micropropagation of edible bamboo species (Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera) through nodal culture.

High demand for edible bamboo shoots of Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera in many Asian ethnic groups has led to the need for developing intensive bamboo farming. To achieve this, in vitro regeneration of bamboo plantlets is needed due to the long and irregular bamboo flowering cycle and scarcity of bamboo seeds. An effective protocol for plantlets regeneration in B.

Invasion of Solanum tuberosum L. by Aspergillus terreus: a microscopic and proteomics insight on pathogenicity.

Background: Aspergillus terreus is one of the most harmful filamentous fungal pathogen of humans, animals and plants. Recently, researchers have discovered that A. terreus can cause foliar blight disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.

Secretome weaponries of Cochliobolus lunatus interacting with potato leaf at different temperature regimes reveal a CL[xxxx]LHM - motif.

Background: Plant and animal pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus lunatus cause great economic damages worldwide every year. C. lunatus displays an increased temperature dependent-virulence to a wide range of hosts.

Grappling the high altitude for safe edible bamboo shoots with rich nutritional attributes and escaping cyanogenic toxicity.

Consumption of bamboo species with high level of total cyanogenic content (TCC) in Asia by many ethnic groups is significantly associated with food poisoning and occasionally Konzo (a neurological disorder). Adequate characterization of edible bamboo species with low level of TCC and high nutritious attributes is required for consumer's safety as well as for the conservation of the gene pool. Here, we employed morphological descriptors, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, RAPD, and trnL-F intergenic spacer to characterize 15 indigenous edible bamboo species of north-east India.