Systematic alanine insertion reveals the essential regions that encode structure formation and activity of dihydrofolate reductase.

Decoding sequence information is equivalent to elucidating the design principles of proteins. For this purpose, we conducted systematic alanine insertion analysis to reveal the regions in the primary structure where the sequence continuity cannot be disrupted. We applied this method to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and examined the effects of alanine insertion on structure and the enzymatic activity by solubility assay and trimethoprim resistance, respectively.