A case of etanercept (anti-TNF agent) induced granulomas on the lids.

Sarcoid-like granulomas are a rare adverse effect of TNF-α inhibitors that are becoming increasingly reported in the literature. A retrospective study in France estimated this adverse effect to occur in 0.04% patients.

Progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B is more common in older adults.

Purpose: The rate of progression of acute Hepatitis B (HBV) to chronic disease is quoted as <10%. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of progression from acute to chronic HBV in Northern Ireland (NI), assessing the influence of age, gender and biochemical parameters.

Methods: All "acute" HBV cases diagnosed in NI between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed.

The refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus implant in cataract surgery.

Aim: To evaluate the refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus intraocular lens (IOL) implant.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series. Consecutive patients with corneal astigmatism of at least 1.

Neurocognitive function in HIV-infected patients: comparison of two methods to define impairment.

Objective: To compare two definitions of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in a large clinical trial of effectively-treated HIV-infected adults at baseline.

Methods: Hopkins Verbal Learning test-Revised (HVLT-R), Colour Trail (CTT) and Grooved Pegboard (GPT) tests were applied exploring five cognitive domains. Raw scores were transformed into Z-scores and NCI defined as summary NPZ-5 score one standard deviation below the mean of the normative dataset (i.

Sequential versus combined penetrating keratoplasty and cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the refractive and visual outcomes of combined penetrating keratoplasty and cataract surgery (triple procedure) with those of sequential surgery (penetrating keratoplasty followed by secondary cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation).

Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients undergoing triple procedure or sequential surgery performed by two surgeons were reviewed retrospectively. The triple procedure group consisted of 23 patients and the sequential surgery group also consisted of 23 patients.

Conjunctival-corneal melt in association with carotid artery stenosis.

Purpose: To report a case of severe conjunctival-corneal melt in association with carotid artery stenosis.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 76-year-old man with a history of bilateral severe carotid artery occlusion and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy developed a spontaneous bulbar conjunctival defect.

Keratoconus associated with CSNB1.

A 35-year-old man with best corrected visual acuities of -18.00/+10.00×180 (6/60) OD and -10.

Biometric calculation of intraocular lens power for cataract surgery following pupil dilatation.

Background: The ability to perform biometry accurately on a dilated pupil can greatly facilitate the efficiency of a cataract service as it can be done on the day of surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability of axial length (AL) calculations in undilated pupils and measure the difference in predicted and actual refractive outcomes in dilated pupils compared with undilated pupils.

Methods: First, intraobserver repeatability was assessed by taking two consecutive recordings of AL using applanation A-scan ultrasonography in undilated pupils in 21 eyes.

Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin following intracameral bolus injection in patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Aim: To determine the elimination kinetics of intracameral vancomycin administered as a bolus injection at the end of phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Methods: Vancomycin 1 mg/0.1 ml saline solution was administered to 19 patients by intracameral bolus injection at the end of routine cataract surgery.

Treatment of refractory vernal ulcers with large-diameter bandage contact lenses.

Purpose: To report two cases of refractory vernal ulcers in which the fitting of a large-diameter (22 mm) hydrogel (Contaflex T75) bandage contact lens (BCL) ameliorated the signs and symptoms of the condition.

Methods: Two patients with refractory vernal ulcers are described. Mechanisms of the effect of a large-diameter lens across the ocular surface are discussed in this condition.

Binocular visual field changes after surgery in esotropic amblyopia.

Purpose: To determine binocular visual field (BVF) changes after strabismus surgery in children with large angle esotropia, and whether these changes can be predicted, using a prism to correct the preoperative angle of deviation.

Methods: Monocular visual field (MVF) and BVF were measured by Goldmann perimetry in healthy adults (n = 6) using a range of prisms. Visual fields were then measured in normal children (n = 19) and in children with large angle esotropic amblyopia (n = 28).