Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Guidelines for South Asia.

This guideline addresses the use of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) in patients >18 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia in South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka). It also summarizes recommendations for anemia treatment for individual HIF-PHI molecules under two categories: dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients. The recommendations do not apply to pediatric (≤12 years) and adolescent (12 to 18) patients or those with primary anemia or anemia secondary to other causes such as blood loss, cancer (any type), polycystic kidney disease and infectious diseases.

Resveratrol in ulcerative colitis: therapeutic mechanisms, animal model evidence and novel approaches.

Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and ulcerations in colon. This illness has significant health risks as it easily relapses, thus, providing a considerable threat to human health. A number of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and role of gut microbes have been studied thoroughly to understand the exact pathophysiology behind the disease occurrence.

Electrochemical detection of Legionella pneumophila using DNAzymes and under continuous flow in cooling tower water.

Rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water is crucial to mitigate the fatal consequences of Legionnaires disease. This study presents a microfluidic system that employs RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (RCDs) for continuous real time monitoring of this pathogen directly in a single sample of cooling tower water without the need for lengthy bacterial culture. The RCDs, coupled to microgel magnetic beads, are programmed to release an electroactive DNA barcode in the presence of L.

PTSD Symptoms and their Relationship with Depression, Anxiety, and Physical Health in Patients undergoing Treatment for Advanced Stage Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Advanced stage lung cancer (ASLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Patients undergoing treatment for ASLC often experience significant comorbid psychiatric and physical distress. Given the acutely life-threatening nature of ASLC, and distressing physical symptoms, patients may be at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Anti-miRNA therapeutics for uterine fibroids.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas arise from altered uterine smooth muscle cell proliferation in the myometrium. Available treatments are limited and fraught with major side effects. Here, we leveraged data from a high-throughput screening using human microRNA mimics and selected miR-148a-3p as a therapeutic target.

The Dysregulation of microRNA-30b Directly Regulates Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase and Exhibits Poor Invasion Activity in Preeclampsia.

Background and objective Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 23 weeks of gestation. Insufficient trophoblast invasion has been linked to its development. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), with its genes cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) playing the role of an important vasodilator, may be associated with various diseases including PE.

Improved healing and functional outcome is seen at 12 months after injecting leukocyte rich-PRP in arthroscopically repaired labrum: A case-control study.

Introduction: A study with the hypothesis: platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into labrum repair will produce better healing response and improved functional outcome in patients of recurrent shoulder dislocation treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Methods: Arthroscopically repaired recurrent shoulder dislocation patients. Group 1 (cases): administered LR-PRP injection.

Pictorial Review of Paediatric Limp.

A limp is an abnormal, uneven or laboured gait typically resulting from pain, weakness, or structural deformity involving the hip, lower limb, spine or abdominopelvic abnormalities. Limps in children are common and have diverse causes that can be benign to life-threatening including trauma, congenital malformations, and neoplastic diseases. Diagnosis involves identifying gait abnormality thoroughly examining history and physical exam, assessing tenderness and range of motion, and completing targeted lab and radiographic studies.

Association of impostor phenomenon and burnout among Swiss residents and junior anaesthesiologists: results of a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Imposter phenomenon (IP) can impact professional performance and has been described as a risk factor for burnout within healthcare workers. We hypothesize that IP and burnout are prevalent among Swiss anaesthesiology residents and junior anaesthesiologists, and that specific risk factors are significantly associated with these conditions.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of anaesthesiologists working in regions of Switzerland.

Unravelling the complexity of CARPA: a review of emerging advancements in therapeutic strategies.

Hypersensitivity reactions to complement activation-related pseudo-allergy (CARPA) pose a serious concern to patient safety when using nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDS). Complement activation-related pseudo-allergy is a severe, idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reaction consequent to complement activation and liberation of potent pro-inflammatory molecules. Recent developments have concentrated on identifying, managing, and preventing CARPA to improve the efficacy and safety of NDDS, including early identification biomarkers and highly sensitive diagnostic techniques.

Patterns of Pneumatization of Parts of Temporal Bone in High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Its Implications.

Objective: Investigate the pneumatization pattern of parts of the temporal bone in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and their associations with age, gender, and squamous chronic otitis media (COM) in the contralateral ear. To investigate the symmetry of pneumatization and correlations between pneumatization patterns of parts of the temporal bone.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Prediction and assessment of optimal concrete compositions for overall radiation protection and reduced global warming potential.

Developing an efficient radiation-shielding concrete composition holds paramount importance for nuclear, medical, and defence facilities. The intricate interactions between various radiation particles and materials across different energy ranges present challenges in designing effective and resilient overall shielding structures. This study presents a novel approach that integrates machine learning and genetic algorithms (GA) to optimize concrete compositions for enhanced radiation shielding against gamma and neutron rays across a wide energy spectrum.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals in early MS disease activity.

Background And Objectives: Epidemiological data shows that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the female-to-male sex ratio among MS patients are increasing over time. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous and increasingly recognized for effects on estrogen signaling. This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between EDC levels and disease severity in newly diagnosed, female MS patients.

A Comparative Study of Bcl-2 Expression in Oral Leukoplakia with Dysplasia, Verrucous Carcinoma, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: To study the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 in oral leukoplakia with dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).

Methodology: A total of 80 formalin-fixed , paraffin- embedded specimens were selected , amongst them 30 cases of different grades of dysplasia- 10 mild, 10 moderate and 10 severe and 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma of various grades- 10 well differentiated, 10 moderately differentiated and 10 poorly differentiated, 10 verrucous carcinoma had been included in the study. 10 normal buccal mucosa were used as control group.

Low-Level Laser-Aided Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Periodontal disease can complicate orthodontic treatment, presenting challenges in maintaining both periodontal health and achieving desired orthodontic outcomes. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment to enhance periodontal healing and facilitate orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 periodontally compromised patients (mean age: 35 years).

Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder among Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center.

Background: Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is marked by pain and restricted shoulder movement, with diabetes mellitus being a known risk factor. However, its occurrence in diabetic individuals in health care settings is underreported.

Objective: To estimate the occurrence of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital.

Efficacy of Flipped Classroom and Didactic Lecture Approaches in Undergraduate Respiratory Medicine Education.

Background: This study used a mixed-methods design, analyzing quantitative pre- and post-assessment scores alongside qualitative student feedback. Undergraduate students in Respiratory Medicine were randomly assigned to either the Flipped Classroom or Didactic Lecture groups.

Method: The study compares the effectiveness and perceived impact of the Flipped Classroom versus Didactic Lecture approaches in Undergraduate Respiratory Medicine Education.

A comparison of large language model-generated and published perioperative neurocognitive disorder recommendations: a cross-sectional web-based analysis.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications after surgery and anaesthesia, particularly in older adults, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Therefore, major medical societies have developed recommendations for the prevention and treatment of PNDs. Our study evaluated the reliability of large language models, specifically ChatGPT-4 and Gemini, in generating recommendations for PND management and comparing them with published guidelines.

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles as electrode material for supercapacitors.

In the realm of sustainable and renewable nanotechnology, supercapacitors have appeared as the dominant solution for energy conversion and storage. Ferrites have been widely explored in magnetic, electronic and microwave devices, and are now being explored for applications in energy storage devices due to the possibility of achieving fast and reversible surface Faradic reactions. From this perspective, a simple and inexpensive chemical co-precipitation method was used to synthesize ultrasmall ZnFeOnanoparticles (NPs).

Brain health: A concern for anaesthesiologists and intensivists.

Damage to the brain can have disastrous and long-lasting consequences. The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) is aware of the importance of taking good care of the brain, both of patients and of anaesthesia and intensive care unit (ICU) caregivers, and has organised a complete learning track on brain health to bring this concern to the attention of practitioners. This learning track included an online Focus Meeting on Brain Health (November 25, 2023).

LDL2 and PAO5 genes are essential for systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A partly infected plant becomes more resistant to subsequent infections by developing systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Primary infected tissues produce signals that travel to systemic tissues for SAR-associated priming of defense-related genes. The mechanism through which mobile signals contribute to long-lasting infection memory is mostly unknown.

Kaempferol enhances ER-mitochondria coupling and protects motor neurons from mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in C9ORF72-ALS.

Repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are a frequent cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Considerable progress has been made in identifying C9ORF72-mediated disease and resolving its underlying etiopathogenesis. The contributions of intrinsic mitochondrial deficits as well as chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress to the development of the C9ORF72-linked pathology are well established.