Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): diagnosis using biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements during the first trimester in the Indian population.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to use anthropometric measurements (age, BMI, and subcutaneous fat) in conjunction with biochemical parameters (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose, serum insulin, and total cholesterol) to predict the probability of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the first trimester.

Methods: The study enrolled 48 pregnant women with GDM and 64 high-risk pregnant women without GDM. During the first-trimester examination, maternal blood samples were collected to measure SHBG, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and total cholesterol levels.

Correlation Between the First Trimester Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Glucose Greater Than 110 mg/dL for the Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: To determine the correlation between first-trimester two-hour postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) > 110 mg/dL for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 200 women between 8 and 10 weeks of gestation from February 2022 to February 2024. All recruited pregnant women underwent testing for two-hour PPBS at 8-10 weeks and were followed up till delivery.

Impact of respectful maternal care training of health care providers on satisfaction with birth experience in mothers undergoing normal vaginal birth: A prospective interventional study.

Objective: To study the impact of respectful maternity care (RMC) training of health care providers on RMC and birth satisfaction in mothers undergoing normal vaginal birth.

Methods: A prospective interventional study was performed comparing RMC and birth satisfaction in women undergoing vaginal births before and after RMC training of health care providers from November 2021 to March 2023 in a tertiary care center in India. Person-centered maternity care (PCMC) and birth satisfaction scale-revised (BSSR) scales were used to study women's RMC and birth satisfaction, respectively.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India with Carpenter-Coustan and National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Correlation with Fetomaternal Outcome.

Background: No previous study compared ACOG and DIPSI criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes (GDM). This study compared diagnostic accuracy of Diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) with Carpenter-Coustan (CC) and National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria for diagnosis of GDM and correlation with fetomaternal outcome.

Methods: A total of 1029 pregnant women underwent 2 h 75 g OGTT in non-fasting state.

New Innovation: Use of Flash Glucose Monitoring for Evaluating Glycaemic Variability, Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Utility in Pregnant Women with Diabetes.

Aim: Application of Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system to evaluate glycaemic variability (GV), patient satisfaction and clinical utility in pregnant women with diabetes.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on 70 pregnant women with diabetes where blood sugar levels were monitored by FGM and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).

Results: FGM generated 19,950 readings versus 1470 readings by SMBG over 3 days.

Can Seminal IL-8 Level Be Used as a Marker of Leukocytospermia and Does It Have Any Correlation with Semen Parameters in Infertile Couples?

Objectives: Infection of male genital tract leads to leukocytospermia which may have a detrimental effect on semen quality. This study was conducted to evaluate whether seminal IL-8 level can be used as a marker of leukocytospermia and does it have any correlation with semen parameters in infertile couples?

Methods: This ross-sectional study was conducted in an infertility clinic of a tertiary care hospital including 150 male partners of infertile couples who underwent semen analysis (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 5th edn, World Health Organization, Geneva, p 271, 2010), semen culture sensitivity and seminal IL-8 levels. Independent -test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test were applied for analysis.

Evaluation of serum Glutathione-S Transferase-Alpha as a Biomarker of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate if serum Glutathione-S Transferase-Alpha (GSTA) can be used as a biomarker of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP).

Methods: 45 pregnant women with IHCP and 45 age and weight matched pregnant women as controls were enrolled and liver function tests including serum GSTA were measured. All cases and controls were followed for their maternal and foetal outcomes till delivery.

Prenatal Yoga: Effects on Alleviation of Labor Pain and Birth Outcomes.

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that prenatal yogic exercises are effective in alleviating labor pain and improving birth outcomes, by comparing pregnant women undertaking yoga with a control group. Single blinded, parallel randomized control trial. Two hundred primigravid women of 30 weeks of gestation onward who met the inclusion criteria (primigravida, 20-35 years of age, gestational age of 30 weeks, no prior experience of yoga) were randomly assigned to study ( = 100) and control groups ( = 100) by using the minimized randomization program version 2.

Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-fasting DIPSI and HbA1c with Fasting WHO Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: To compare diagnostic accuracy of non-fasting DIPSI and HbA1c with fasting WHO 1999 as gold standard for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic underwent a 2-h 75-gm GCT in non-fasting state (DIPSI). HbA1c was also determined at the same sitting.

Association of IL-1β, IL-1Ra and FABP1 gene polymorphisms with the metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a highly prevalent endocrinopathy is currently being designated as chronic low grade inflammatory state. IL-1β, IL-1Ra and FABP1 are critical mediators of inflammatory processes and are speculated to play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The aim of this study was to study the association of IL-β, IL-1Ra and FABP1 gene polymorphisms with PCOS and related metabolic features.

Endocrine and Metabolic Profile of Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy associated with wide heterogeneity and serious clinical implications. Prevalence and characteristics of different phenotypes are not well defined. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of four phenotypes of PCOS and to evaluate their endocrine and metabolic parameters including insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with respect to controls.

Evaluation of Pharmacists' Services for Dispensing Emergency Contraceptive Pills in Delhi, India: A Mystery Shopper Study.

Background: Although emergency contraceptive pills are available over the counter, the quality of consultation, including key areas of contraceptive counseling and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI), has not been well documented.

Objective: To evaluate actual pharmacist services while dispensing emergency contraception through a mystery shopper technique.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 81 pharmacies situated in Delhi by 4 trained mystery shoppers posed as customers over a period of 6 months.

HPV Vaccination in India: Critical Appraisal.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the genesis of cervical carcinoma is well documented. The HPV 16 and 18 are found to be most commonly associated with invasive cervical carcinoma.

Acardiac anceps: a rare congenital anomaly.

Acardiac twin is a rare congenital anomaly and is exclusively associated with monochorionic twin pregnancies. The abnormalities occur due to abnormal communication between the two fetuses in the form of arterioarterial and venovenous communications, resulting in a grossly abnormal acardiac twin with reduction anomalies mainly of the upper body and gross oedema. Since no two acardiac twins are alike, this case report will add to the acardiac twin anomaly spectrum.

Over-the-Counter Sale of Emergency Contraception: A Survey of Pharmacists in Delhi.

Introduction: Pharmacists play a key role while dispensing over-the-counter emergency contraception (EC) to the client.

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the knowledge and over-the-counter services provided by the pharmacists in Delhi.

Methods: A prestructured questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Delhi, the capital city of India.

Surrogacy: ethical and legal issues.

Surrogacy refers to a contract in which a woman carries a pregnancy "for" another couple. Number of infertile couples from all over the World approach India where commercial surrogacy is legal. Although this arrangement appears to be beneficial for all parties concerned,there are certain delicate issues which need to be addressed through carefully framed laws in order to protect the rights of the surrogate mother and the intended parents.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: Is obesity a sine qua non? A clinical, hormonal, and metabolic assessment in relation to body mass index.

Objective: To determine the proportion of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients who have normal body mass index (BMI) and to compare the clinical, hormonal, and metabolic profile between lean and overweight patients of PCOS.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive infertile women with PCOS were studied and divided into lean (BMI between 18.5 and 23) and overweight (BMI ≥ 23).

Pregnancy outcome of women with gestational diabetes in a tertiary level hospital of north India.

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pose an important public health problem because diabetes not only affects the maternal and fetal outcome, but these women and their fetuses are also at an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications later in their life.

Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes of 50 diabetic vs 50 normoglycemic pregnancies.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective analytical record-based study conducted in a tertiary level hospital.

Efficacy of 2-hour post glucose insulin levels in predicting insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome with infertility.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is central to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but tests for determining IR are elaborate, tedious and expensive.

Aims: To evaluate if "2-hour post-glucose insulin level" is an effective indicator of IR and can aid in diagnosing IR in infertile PCOS women.

Settings And Design: Observational study at infertility clinic of a tertiary care center.

Effect of metformin therapy on 2-h post-glucose insulin levels in patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Aims: To evaluate if 2-h post glucose insulin level is an effective tool to monitor insulin resistance in response to metformin therapy, in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Settings And Design: This prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care infertility clinic.

Materials And Methods: 40 women with PCOS were categorized as having insulin resistance if fasting or 2-h post glucose insulin levels were >25 or >41μU/ml respectively.

Possible role of male factors in recurrent pregnancy loss.

To evaluate various causes possibly contributing towards recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), particularly male factors. Prospective study of 75 couples with history of RPL who were investigated for genetic, anatomic, immunological, infective and systemic causes in both partners. Functional sperm capacity was assessed by the Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS), Acrosomal Reaction (AR), Nuclear condensation-decondensation test (NCD) and Seminal Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) along with semen analysis.

A randomised comparison between sublingual, oral and vaginal route of misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical ripening in first-trimester pregnancy termination under local anaesthesia.

Objective: To compare efficacy of sublingual (S/L), oral and vaginal routes of misoprostol administration for cervical priming before suction evacuation (SE) under local anaesthesia.

Methods: In a prospective randomised clinical trial, 200 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were randomised into four groups of 50 each. Patients in control group did not receive any medication before SE while other treatment groups received 400 microg of misoprostol three hours prior to SE either by sublingual/oral or by vaginal route.