A Quantitative Assessment of Apoptotic Index with Varying Histological Degree of Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity - A Light Microscopic Study.

Aim And Objective: The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess the apoptotic index at a light microscopic level in hyperkeratosis with varying histological degrees of dysplasia and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with prognostic significance.

Study Design: The study included the histo-pathologically diagnosed cases of hyperkeratosis with varying degrees of dysplasia and different grades of OSCC, which were retrieved from the archives of the department, and clinical details were retrieved from the case records of the patients. The sample size consisted of 80 biopsied cases, divided into seven groups of 10 experimental cases and one group of 10 cases of normal mucosa as a control group.

TeM-DTBA: time-efficient drug target binding affinity prediction using multiple modalities with Lasso feature selection.

Drug discovery, especially virtual screening and drug repositioning, can be accelerated through deeper understanding and prediction of Drug Target Interactions (DTIs). The advancement of deep learning as well as the time and financial costs associated with conventional wet-lab experiments have made computational methods for DTI prediction more popular. However, the majority of these computational methods handle the DTI problem as a binary classification task, ignoring the quantitative binding affinity that determines the drug efficacy to their target proteins.

Analysis of erythrocytes in oral submucous fibrosis - A morphometric study.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive scarring oral disease caused due to areca quid chewing. The constituents of areca nut can enter into the circulation by swallowing the liquid mixture of areca quid which evokes oxidative stress on RBC membrane integrity.

Aims: To study the morphometric characteristics of erythrocytes under light microscopy and to assess the role of areca quid constituents on the morphology of circulating erythrocytes.

Thermal stress inside a disabled submarine.

Background: Submarine operations require strict adherence to standard operating and safety procedures and errors in judgement or accidents could lead to catastrophe and impair the submarine's ability to surface. In case of disablement of a submarine (DISSUB), the crew would have to survive inside the submarine for a variable period awaiting rescue. Microclimate and habitability of the submarine would have to be maintained and crew would have to consume emergency rations and water.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: Report of two cases with review of literature.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare distinct histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Majority of them can be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma by their aggressive clinical course and their histological features: the usual site of occurrence of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is the upper areodigestive tract, floor of mouth and base of tongue. We hereby present two cases of a rare but aggressive basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, both affecting mandible.

Peripheral odontogenic myxoma.

Odontogenic myxomas are a rare benign odontogenic mesenchymal tumor found exclusively in the tooth-bearing area of the jaw and are usually located centrally in the mandible. Soft tissue localization is rarely seen and is classified as peripheral odontogenic myxoma (POM). POM is slow growing and less aggressive as compared to central myxoma.

Identification of protein binding partners of small molecules using label-free methods.

Introduction: Drug discovery efforts across the globe are chasing new drug targets and novel mechanisms of action. To support the identification of novel mechanisms of action, phenotype-based drug screening has significantly increased over the last decade. Along with the rise in phenotypic screening, methods and technologies that can help to identify drug targets of phenotypically screened 'hits' have also evolved significantly.

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and image analytic parameters characterizing the stromal component in primary and recurrent giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign locally aggressive tumor whose biological behavior is unpredictable. Currently, there are no definitive clinical, histological, biochemical, or immunological parameters that can predict its behavior. This study was undertaken to examine whether delineation of reactive and neoplastic stromal component of GCT can help in this regard.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma in odontogenic keratocyst: A rare entity.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the wall of an odontogenic cyst (also known as primary intraosseous carcinoma) is a rare tumor which occurs only in jaw bones. This tumor was first described by Loos in 1913 as a central epidermoid carcinoma of the jaw. Primary intraosseous carcinomas (PIOC) may theoretically arise from the lining of an odontogenic cyst or de novo from presumed odontogenic cell rests.

Grading angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a histomorphometric study.

Context: Like normal tissues, tumors require an adequate supply of oxygen, metabolites and an effective way to remove waste products. This is achieved by angiogenesis, which is defined as the process by which new blood vessels are produced by sprouting from preexisting vasculature. There is a large spectrum of physiological and pathological processes in which angiogenesis occur, ranging from tissue hypertrophy, wound healing, and inflammation to tumors.

F-18 FDG PET imaging of chronic traumatic brain injury in boxers: a statistical parametric analysis.

Purpose: The participation in concussive susceptible sports such as boxing may cause chronic traumatic brain injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are unique patterns of reduced brain glucose metabolism in professional and amateur boxers.

Method: We compared the fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) PET brain scans of boxers (group) (N=19) with those of controls (group) (N=7) using both statistical parametric mapping and region of interest analysis.

Biograft-HT as a bone graft material in the treatment of periodontal vertical defects and its clinical and radiological evaluation: Clinical study.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of Biograft-HT((R)) as a bone graft material in the treatment of vertical defects in generalized chronic periodontitis patients and their clinical and radiological evaluation.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis having two or more vertical defects were selected for this study. Clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels were recorded at different points of time over six months.

Ultrafast solvation dynamics at binding and active sites of photolyases.

Dynamic solvation at binding and active sites is critical to protein recognition and enzyme catalysis. We report here the complete characterization of ultrafast solvation dynamics at the recognition site of photoantenna molecule and at the active site of cofactor/substrate in enzyme photolyase by examining femtosecond-resolved fluorescence dynamics and the entire emission spectra. With direct use of intrinsic antenna and cofactor chromophores, we observed the local environment relaxation on the time scales from a few picoseconds to nearly a nanosecond.

Small-molecule affinity chromatography coupled mass spectrometry for drug target deconvolution.

Background: Current drug discovery organizations have renewed interest in phenotypic/function based screening for the identification of novel small-molecule drug candidates. Phenotypic screening faces the challenge of deconvoluting the identity of molecular targets of small-molecules through which they exert their biological effect. The identity of the target is crucial for understanding the mechanism of drug action, rational drug design, interpretation of any toxicological findings and patient stratification.

Capture of drug targets from live cells using a multipurpose immuno-chemo-proteomics tool.

Recently we have described the development of an Immuno-chemo-proteomics method for drug target deconvolution and profiling the toxicity of known drugs ( Saxena , C. ; Zhen , E. ; Higgs , R.

Ultrafast dynamics of flavins in five redox states.

We report here our systematic studies of excited-state dynamics of two common flavin molecules, FMN and FAD, in five redox states--oxidized form, neutral and anionic semiquinones, and neutral and anionic fully reduced hydroquinones--in solution and in inert protein environments with femtosecond resolution. Using protein environments, we were able to stabilize two semiquinone radicals and thus observed their weak emission spectra. Significantly, we observed a strong correlation between their excited-state dynamics and the planarity of their flavin isoalloxazine ring.

An immuno-chemo-proteomics method for drug target deconvolution.

Chemical proteomics is an emerging technique for drug target deconvolution and profiling the toxicity of known drugs. With the use of this technique, the specificity of a small molecule inhibitor toward its potential targets can be characterized and information thus obtained can be used in optimizing lead compounds. Most commonly, small molecules are immobilized on solid supports and used as affinity chromatography resins to bind targets.

Brain glucose supply and the syndrome of infantile neuroglycopenia.

Objective: To describe neuroglycopenia as a specific syndrome caused by insufficient glucose availability during brain development.

Design: Neurologic examinations, neuropsychologic tests, biochemical methods, and functional imaging.

Participants: Patients afflicted by genetic mutation of the cerebral glucose transporter type 1 and a patient afflicted by persistent infantile hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinism) matched to her healthy twin.

18Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography evaluation of benign versus malignant osteochondromas: preliminary observations.

Objective: To determine the contribution of 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) in distinguishing benign from malignant osteochondromas.

Materials And Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 10 patients (4 females, 6 males, 12 to 64 years old) with osteochondromas were referred for whole body PET by clinicians for metabolic evaluation before planned surgery for pain or cosmesis. Two PET readers and 1 pathologist, blinded to their diagnoses and imaging studies (except for radiographs), correlated results post surgery.

Femtosecond dynamics of flavin cofactor in DNA photolyase: radical reduction, local solvation, and charge recombination.

We report here our femtosecond studies of the photoreduction dynamics of the neutral radical flavin (FADH) cofactor in E. coli photolyase, a process converting the inactive form to the biologically active one, a fully reduced deprotonated flavin FADH(-). The observed temporal absorption evolution revealed two initial electron-transfer reactions, occurring in 11 and 42 ps with the neighboring aromatic residues of W382 and F366, respectively.

Longitudinal noninvasive PET-based beta cell mass estimates in a spontaneous diabetes rat model.

Diabetes results from an absolute or relative reduction in pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM) leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Measurement of insulin secretory capacity is currently used as a surrogate measure of BCM. However, serum insulin concentrations provide an imprecise index of BCM, and no reliable noninvasive measure of BCM is currently available.