Physeal Growth Following In Situ Pinning for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Hypothyroid Treatment: A Case Report.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common adolescent hip condition, most often seen during periods of rapid bone growth. Deficiency in thyroid hormone levels can lead to reduced bone turnover and altered epiphyseal plate activity, which may influence the outcome of SCFE pinning and other orthopedic interventions crossing the epiphysis of the femur. Our patient was a 12-year-old female child with a two-month history of atraumatic right hip pain who presented with bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and underwent successful bilateral in situ pinning.

Incidence of Intraoperative Cardiothoracic Intervention During Open Surgery Following Acute Posterior Sternoclavicular Joint Injury: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: Acute posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries are rare but potentially lethal injuries-signs of mediastinal compression range from nonspecific to neurovascular compromise. Currently, orthopaedic experts recommend a cardiothoracic surgeon be placed on standby during open surgery for potential intraoperative complications. However, few studies have reported on how often cardiothoracic intervention is required.

Polarization properties and Umov effect of human hair.

This study delves into the polarization properties of various hair colors using several techniques, including polarization ray tracing, full Stokes, and Mueller matrix imaging. Our analysis involved studying hair in both indoor and outdoor settings under varying lighting conditions. Our results demonstrate a strong correlation between hair color and the degree of linear polarization.

Birefringent coating to remove polarization aberrations.

Polarization aberrations are found in most optical components due to a materials-differing response to s- and p-polarizations. This differing response can manifest either as diattenuation, retardance, or both. Correction of polarization aberrations, such as these, are critical in many applications such as interferometry, polarimetry, display, and high contrast imaging, including astronomy.

Generalized elliptical retarder design and construction using nematic and cholesteric phase liquid crystal polymers.

Elliptical retarders have important applications in interferometry and polarimetry, as well as imaging and display technologies. In this work, we discuss the traditional elliptical retarder decomposition using Pauli matrices as basis sets and then introduce a solution to the inverse problem: how an arbitrary elliptical retarder with desired eigenpolarizations and retardance can be constructed using a combination of linear and circular retarders. We present a simple design process, based on eigen-decomposition, with a solution determined by the intrinsic properties of each individual retarder layer.

Patterned achromatic elliptical polarizer for short-wave infrared imaging polarimetry.

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging polarimetry has widespread applications in telecommunication, medical imaging, surveillance, remote-sensing, and industrial metrology. In this work, we design, fabricate, and test an achromatic SWIR elliptical polarizer, which is a key component of SWIR imaging polarimetry. The elliptical polarizer is made of a patterned linear polarizer and a patterned optical elliptical retarder.

Patterned liquid crystal polymer C-plate retarder and color polarizer.

The patternability and guest-host interaction with dichroic dye and C-plate liquid crystal polymer (LCP) materials are investigated, and the optical properties of a thin film C-plate retarder and polarizer are studied and compared with theory. The C-plate retarder is a waveplate made of a uniaxial LCP where the optical axis of the LCP is parallel to the surface normal of the optic. No retardance is observed at a normal angle of incidence and retardance grows as the angle of incidence increases.

Division of focal plane red-green-blue full-Stokes imaging polarimeter.

We calibrate and test a division-of-focal-plane red-green-blue (RGB) full-Stokes imaging polarimeter in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments. The polarimeter, acting as a polarization camera, utilizes a low dispersion microretarder array on top of a sensor with Bayer filters and wire-grid linear polarizers. We also present the design and fabrication of the microretarder array and the assembly of the camera and validate the performance of the camera by taking multiple RGB full-Stokes images and videos.

Observation of elliptically polarized light from total internal reflection in bubbles.

Bubbles are ubiquitous in the natural environment, where different substances and phases of the same substance forms globules due to differences in pressure and surface tension. Total internal reflection occurs at the interface of a bubble, where light travels from the higher refractive index material outside a bubble to the lower index material inside a bubble at appropriate angles of incidence, which can lead to a phase shift in the reflected light. Linearly polarized skylight can be converted to elliptically polarized light with efficiency up to 53% by single scattering from the water-air interface.

Polarizing beam splitter cube for circularly and elliptically polarized light.

A method of designing an arbitrary polarizing beam splitter (PBS) cube using multiple layers of thin-film liquid crystal polymer is demonstrated. This methodology utilizes cholesteric phase liquid crystal polymer (Ch-LCP) to transmit one handedness of elliptically polarized light and reflect the orthogonal state when unpolarized light is incident. Using additional nematic liquid crystal polymer layers, the polarization state for the transmitted and reflected light can be controlled and output to any two orthogonal states represented on the Poincaré sphere.