Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation.

The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties.

Functionalized SnO nanoparticles with gallic acid via green chemical approach for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of citalopram: synthesis, characterization and application to pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Eco-friendly stannic oxide nanoparticles functionalized with gallic acid (SnO/GA NP) were synthesized and employed as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of citalopram, a commonly prescribed antidepressant drug. SnO/GA NP were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements and X-ray diffraction. A validated RP-HPLC assay was developed to monitor citalopram concentration in the presence of its degradation products.

Stability indicating potentiometric method for the determination of palonosetron HCl using two different sensors.

This paper presents a novel potentiometric approach for the determination of palonosetron HCl using two sensors; ionophore-free and ionophore-doped ones. The two sensors successfully determined the cited drug in the range of 1 × 10-1 × 10 M with respective Nernstian slopes of 54.9 ± 0.

An electrochemical sensing platform to determine tetrahydrozoline HCl in pure form, pharmaceutical formulation, and rabbit aqueous humor.

In the pharmaceutical industry, finding cost-effective and real-time analyzers that provide valid data is a good aim. The purpose of this work was to propose a link between the pharmaceutical industry and the recent innovations in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) for the utilization of these electrodes as real-time analyzers to evaluate the concentration of tetrahydrozoline HCl in different matrices. The backbone of these new potentiometric sensors is the conjunction of calix[6]arene and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as molecular recognition elements and a network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid transducer material between an ionophore-doped PVC membrane and microfabricated Cu electrodes.

Stepwise optimization and sensitivity improvement of green micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to simultaneously determine some fluoroquinolones and glucocorticoids present in various binary ophthalmic formulations.

A sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography method is presented to simultaneously quantify ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate. The method has the advantages of being rapid, accurate, reproducible, ecologically acceptable and sensitive. The electrophoretic separation utilized 20 mm borate buffer as background electrolyte with pH 10.

A Two-Step Optimization Approach: Validated RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Gatifloxacin and Dexamethasone in Ophthalmic Formulation.

The growing technology of stationary phase chemistry has a great impact on the chromatographic system performance and analysis economics. In this context, a simple rapid reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method development is presented for the analysis of gatifloxacin (GFN) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in their ophthalmic formulation. A two-step optimization approach has been conducted using optimum chromatographic conditions as well as proper selection of stationary phase.

Strategies for stabilizing formulation and QbD assisted development of robust stability indicating method of azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone.

Reasons for formulation instability were investigated either encountered during production or analytical processes of azilsartan medoxomil (AZM)/chlorthalidone hydrochloride (CLT) tablets. Through the identification of the most feasible degradation pathways, several strategies were proposed to enhance the stability of AZM/CLT formulation. Furthermore, a robust HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the determination of AZM, CLT in the presence of their possible degradation products.

A Validated Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate and Miconazole Nitrate in Their Combined Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma Samples.

Nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate are formulated together as a topical antifungal dosage form. In this work, a reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a diode array detector (RP-UPLC-DAD) was developed and validated to determine nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate simultaneously in their bulk powder, in pharmaceutical preparation and in spiked human plasma samples. Separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC C18 column of 2.

Exploiting steroid-cyclodextrin complexes for selective determination of Estradiol Valerate and Norethisterone Acetate by synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetry.

Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with Estradiol valerate (EST) or Norethisterone acetate (NOR) have been utilized for synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetry. β-cyclodextrin improves fluorescence intensity as well as water solubility of the studied drugs. Samples in aqueous medium adjusted with ammonia were used in synchronous fluorescence to resolve the overlapped emission spectra.

Identification and characterization of in vivo, in vitro and reactive metabolites of vandetanib using LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Vandetanib (Caprelsa tablets, VNT) is an orally inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. The current research reports the characterization and identification of in vitro, in vivo and reactive intermediates of VNT. In vitro metabolites of VNT were performed by incubation with rat liver microsomes (RLMs).

LC-ESI-MS/MS identification and characterization of ponatinib in vivo phase I and phase II metabolites.

Ponatinib (Iclusig®) is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs). It is active against T315I and other BCR-ABL mutants. Investigation of in vivo metabolism of ponatinib was done using Sprague Dawley rats by giving one oral dose of PNT (4.

Characterization of in vivo metabolites in rat urine following an oral dose of masitinib by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Masitinib (MST) is an orally administered drug that targets mast cells and macrophages, important cells for immunity, by inhibiting a limited number of tyrosine kinases. It is currently registered in Europe and USA for the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs. AB Science announced that the European Medicines Agency has accepted a conditional marketing authorization application for MST to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

A reliable and stable method for the determination of foretinib in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to metabolic stability investigation and excretion rate.

Foretinib (GSK1363089) is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor. In this study, a reliable, fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was described for assaying foretinib in plasma, urine, and rat liver microsome samples. Simple extraction procedure by protein preciptation with acetonitrile was implemented for foretinib and brigatinib (internal standard) analysis.

LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of masitinib in RLMs matrix and rat urine: application to metabolic stability and excretion rate.

Masitinib (MST) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of MST in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) matrix. The developed method was applied to metabolic stability and excretion rate studies.

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of vandetanib in human plasma and rat liver microsomes matrices: metabolic stability investigation.

Vandetanib (VNT) is a new oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts mainly by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Fast, specific, sensitive and validated LC-MS/MS was established for the determination of VNT in two various matrices including rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and human plasma. This method was applied in metabolic stability investigation of VNT.

Validated LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Ponatinib in Plasma: Application to Metabolic Stability.

In the current work, a rapid, specific, sensitive and validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of ponatinib (PNT) in human plasma and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) with its application to metabolic stability. Chromatographic separation of PNT and vandetanib (IS) were accomplished on Agilent eclipse plus C18 analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.

Stability Study and Kinetic Monitoring of Cefquinome Sulfate Using Cyclodextrin-Based Ion-Selective Electrode: Application to Biological Samples.

Two novel cefquinome sulfate (CFQ)-selective electrodes were performed with dibutyl sebacate as a plasticizer using a polymeric matrix of polyvinyl chloride. Sensor 1 was prepared using sodium tetraphenylborate as a cation exchanger without incorporation of ionophore, whereas 2-hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin was used as ionophore in sensor 2. A stable, reliable, and linear response was obtained in concentration ranges 3.

Ratio manipulating spectrophotometry versus chemometry as stability indicating methods for cefquinome sulfate determination.

Spectral resolution of cefquinome sulfate (CFQ) in the presence of its degradation products was studied. Three selective, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric methods were performed for the determination of CFQ in the presence of either its hydrolytic, oxidative or photo-degradation products. The proposed ratio difference, derivative ratio and mean centering are ratio manipulating spectrophotometric methods that were satisfactorily applied for selective determination of CFQ within linear range of 5.

A comparative study of the novel spectrophotometric methods versus conventional ones for the simultaneous determination of Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate and Naproxen in their binary mixture.

Two novel simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra are developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate (ESO) and Naproxen (NAP) namely; absorbance subtraction and ratio difference. The results were compared to that of the conventional spectrophotometric methods namely; dual wavelength and isoabsorptive point coupled with first derivative of ratio spectra and derivative ratio. The suggested methods were validated in compliance with the ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for determination of ESO and NAP in their laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical preparation.

New spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods for determination of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulations.

New simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) in its pharmaceutical formulations. The spectrophotometric method was based on the reaction of FLX with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium (pH 11) to form an orange-colored product that was measured at 490 nm. The fluorimetric method was based on the reaction of FLX with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in an alkaline medium (pH 8) to form a highly fluorescent product that was measured at 545 nm after excitation at 490 nm.

Simple spectrophotometric method for determination of paroxetine in tablets using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate as a chromogenic reagent.

Simple and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of paroxetine (PRX) in tablets. The proposed method was based on nucleophilic substitution reaction of PRX with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium to form an orange-colored product of maximum absorption peak (lambda(max)) at 488 nm. The stoichiometry and kinetics of the reaction were studied, and the reaction mechanism was postulated.

Spectrophotometric study for the reaction between fluvoxamine and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate: Kinetic, mechanism and use for determination of fluvoxamine in its dosage forms.

Spectrophotometric study was carried out, for the first time, to investigate the reaction between the antidepressant fluvoxamine (FXM) and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) reagent. In alkaline medium (pH 9), an orange-colored product exhibiting maximum absorption peak (lambda(max)) at 470nm was produced. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated and its activation energy was found to be 2.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of fluvoxamine in dosage forms and plasma via derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole.

A highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the antidepressant fluvoxamine (FXM) in its dosage forms and plasma. The method was based on nucleophilic substitution reaction of FXM with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in an alkaline medium (pH 8) to form a highly fluorescent derivative that was measured at 535 nm after excitation at 470 nm. The factors affecting the reaction was carefully studied and optimized.

Simultaneous determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride, guaifenesin, and chlorpheniramine maleate in cough syrup by gradient liquid chromatography.

A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of mixture of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHENYL), guaifenesin (GUAIF), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CHLO) either in pure form or in the presence of methylparaben and propylparaben in a commercial cough syrup dosage form. Separation was achieved on a C8 column using 0.005 M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH 3.

New spectrofluorimetric method with enhanced sensitivity for determination of paroxetine in dosage forms and plasma.

New simple spectrofluorimetric method with enhanced sensitivity has been developed and validated for the determination of the antidepressant paroxetine (PXT) in its dosage forms and plasma. The method was based on nucleophilic substitution reaction of PXT with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in an alkaline medium (pH 8) to form a highly fluorescent derivative that was measured at 545 nm after excitation at 490 nm. The factors affecting the reaction was carefully studied and optimized.