Physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of graphene quantum dots for anticancer drug susceptibility.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) possess unique optical and biocompatible properties, making them suitable candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This study reports the hydrothermal synthesis of pristine-GQD and doped variants: Nitrogen-GQD and Sulfur-GQD. The materials underwent thorough characterization techniques such as UV-vis, fluorescence, XRD, FE-TEM/SEM, EDX, and Raman spectroscopy.