Impact of antiretroviral treatment on height evolution of HIV infected children.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the weight evolution but its effect on height remains unclear. We described patterns of height evolution and identified predictors of catch-up growth in HIV-infected children on ART.

Methods: To describe the height evolution from birth to adulthood, we developed a nonlinear mixed effect model using data from perinatally HIV-infected children who initiated ART from 1999 to 2013 in a prospective cohort study in Thailand.

Efavirenz Concentrations and Probability of HIV Replication in Children.

In 188 HIV-infected children receiving efavirenz, a lower mid-dose (C12) was associated with a higher risk of HIV-1 viral load >400 copies/mL (P = 0.03). Simulations for a normalized population receiving US Food and Drug Administration weight-band dosing predicted that 15% of children would have a C12 below target threshold (<1.

Treatment Failure in HIV-Infected Children on Second-line Protease Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) have no access to third-line antiretroviral drugs in many resource-limited settings. It is important to identify risk factors for second-line regimen failure.

Methods: HIV-infected children initiating protease inhibitor (PI)-containing second-line ART within the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment observational cohort study in Thailand between 2002 and 2010 were included.