Stability of Epinephrine in a Normal Saline Solution.

Objective: Dilution of concentrated epinephrine prior to intravenous use during clinical emergencies can delay urgent interventions. The objective of this study was to determine whether diluted epinephrine remains stable and sterile over time in common hospital settings.

Methods: Epinephrine samples were prepared by clinically relevant double dilution techniques.

Pediatric Dentists' Practice Patterns in the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders.

Background/objectives: Pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is the main non-odontogenic cause of orofacial pain among youth. Pediatric dentists are often the first healthcare practitioners to perform a comprehensive oral examination in children, which should include evaluation of the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and surrounding structures for signs and/or symptoms of TMD. This study assessed pediatric dentists' practice patterns in the screening, diagnosis, and management of TMD.

Perioperative Information Needs of Parents of Patients With Special Health Care Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To assess existing knowledge of anesthesia and perioperative information needs/preferences in parents (parent, caregiver) of patients with special health care needs (SHCN) undergoing general anesthesia (GA) for dental procedures, and analyze the relations between caregiver anesthesia knowledge, health literacy level, and preoperative anxiety. Parents of patients with SHCN requiring GA for dental treatment completed an online survey with closed- and open-ended items assessing preferences and interest in perioperative information and educational resources, anesthesia knowledge, anxiety, and health literacy. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.

Sleep medicine education in the United States advanced dental education programs.

Introduction: Dental sleep medicine is an emerging field within dentistry. While limited education in sleep medicine has been reported among US predoctoral dental schools, no study has been conducted among postgraduate dental programs. This study compared the extent and exposure to sleep medicine education among US postgraduate programs in orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, orofacial pain (OFP), general practice residency (GPR), and advanced education in general dentistry (AEGD).

Planetary health diet and cardiovascular disease: results from three large prospective cohort studies in the USA.

Background: In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems proposed a Planetary Health Diet that seeks to optimise both chronic disease prevention as well as global environmental health. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between a dietary index based on the Planetary Health Diet and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We included women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS I; 1986-2016), women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II; 1991-2017), and men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986-2016) who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline.

Green light exposure in children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently afflicted with sensory processing difficulties, which often impact their ability to cooperate with dental treatment. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the effects of green light exposure on behavior, pain, distress and anxiety in pediatric patients with ASD undergoing a dental prophylaxis. Twelve children diagnosed with ASD, aged 6-17 years, requiring a dental prophylaxis participated in this study.

Saliva, Plasma, and Multifluid Metabolomic Signatures of Periodontal Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Progression, and Markers of Glycemia and Dyslipidemia Among Puerto Rican Adults With Overweight and Obesity.

Background: Evidence from cohort studies indicates a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify saliva, plasma, and multifluid metabolomic signatures associated with periodontal disease and (2) determine if these signatures predict T2D progression and cardiometabolic biomarkers at year 3.

Methods And Results: We included participants from the SOALS (San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study) (n=911).

A software-based observational coding approach for evaluating paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear.

Background: Dental practitioners desire non-pharmacological methods to alleviate anxiety, fear, and pain in children receiving dental care; high-quality evidence, however, is required to evaluate methods' efficacy.

Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate an observation-based coding approach (paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear coding approach [PAFCA]) to evaluate non-pharmacological behavior management techniques for anxiety, fear, and pain.

Design: Objective (video-based) and subjective (self-reported) anxiety, fear, and pain data were collected from a pilot clinical trial evaluating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in paediatric dentistry, in which 37 children aged 7-14 were assigned to AAT or control before dental treatment (restorations or extractions).

Metabolite Profiles of Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Risk in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study.

Background: Healthy plant-based diets have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metabolomics can be leveraged to identify potential pathways through which diet influences disease risk.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify profiles of serum metabolites reflective of plant-based diets of varying quality and examine associations with cardiometabolic risk and T2D.

Preoperative Multisensory Room Use in Pediatric Patients With Autism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To evaluate the impact of multisensory room (MSR) use on preoperative anxiety and postoperative outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) undergoing dental treatment with general anesthesia. Forty children, ages six to 17 years, with ASD re- quiring general anesthesia for dental treatment, participated in this study. Participants were randomized to either the control group (standard pre- operative waiting room) or intervention group (MSR) for 20 minutes prior to general anesthesia induction.

Association of Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes in Two Puerto Rican Cohorts.

(1) Aims: Gut microbiota metabolites may play integral roles in human metabolism and disease progression. However, evidence for associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors is sparse, especially in high-risk Hispanic populations. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between gut microbiota related metabolites and measures of glycemia, dyslipidemia, adiposity, and incident type 2 diabetes in two Hispanic observational cohorts.

Measurement of the Association of Pain with Clinical Characteristics in Oral Cancer Patients at Diagnosis and Prior to Cancer Treatment.

Aim: Oral cancer patients suffer pain at the site of the cancer, which degrades quality of life (QoL). The University of California San Francisco Oral Cancer Pain Questionnaire (UCSFOCPQ), the only validated instrument specifically designed for measuring oral cancer pain, measures the intensity and nature of pain and the level of functional restriction due to pain.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare pain reported by untreated oral cancer patients on the UCSFOCPQ with pain they reported on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), an instrument widely used to evaluate cancer and non-cancer pain.

Provider perspectives on pain management practices and needs in pediatric dentistry.

Background: Dental pain is common yet understudied and often undertreated in youth. To improve pain management in pediatric dentistry, it is necessary to understand practices and perceptions among providers. The authors assessed pediatric dentists' use of and attitudes toward evidence-based pain management (EBPM) strategies.

Auto-Brewery Syndrome and General Anesthesia: A Case Report.

Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) is a rare condition in which ethanol is endogenously fermented by fungi in the gut following a carbohydrate-rich meal, resulting in intoxication. We present a case of a patient with ABS successfully undergoing general anesthesia for symptomatic wisdom tooth extraction. During previous anesthetics, the patient had experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and awareness under anesthesia.

The Intersection Between COVID-19, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diet: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the top comorbidities associated with COVID-19-both pre- and post-infection. This review examines the relationships between COVID-19 infection and cardiovascular health, with a specific focus on diet as an important modifiable risk factor.

Recent Findings: Pandemic era studies of individuals battling and recovering from COVID-19 infection suggest a strong link between metabolic diseases, such as CVD, and SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity.

Methyl Donor Nutrient Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three Large U.S. Cohorts.

Objective: We examined whether intake of methyl donor nutrients, including vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and folate, from foods and/or supplements is associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

Research Design And Methods: We included 203,644 women and men from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991-2017), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years with use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires.

Utilising the precision nutrition toolkit in the path towards precision medicine.

The overall aim of precision nutrition is to replace the 'one size fits all' approach to dietary advice with recommendations that are more specific to the individual in order to improve the prevention or management of chronic disease. Interest in precision nutrition has grown with advancements in technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and measurement of the gut microbiome. Precision nutrition initiatives have three major applications in precision medicine.

Practice Patterns Among Dentist Anesthesiologists for Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate practice patterns among dentist anesthesiologists for pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) undergoing sedation for dental procedures.

Methods: An electronic nationwide survey was delivered to all members of the American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists. The survey assessed provider training and comfort in treating pediatric patients with ASD, perioperative procedures for children with and without ASD, and preferred educational resources for the perioperative management of pediatric patients with ASD.

The neuroimmunology of social-stress-induced sensitization.

Myriad clinical findings provide links between chronic stressors, inflammation, and mood disorders. Furthermore, traumatic or chronic exposure to psychological stressors may promote stress sensitization, in which individuals have long-term complications, including increased vulnerability to subsequent stressors. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a clinically relevant example of stress sensitization.

Oral cancer patients experience mechanical and chemical sensitivity at the site of the cancer.

Introduction: Oral cancer patients suffer severe chronic and mechanically-induced pain at the site of the cancer. Our clinical experience is that oral cancer patients report new sensitivity to spicy foods. We hypothesized that in cancer patients, mechanical and chemical sensitivity would be greater when measured at the cancer site compared to a contralateral matched normal site.

Provider and patient insights into the cancer care journey.

Objectives: To assess provider and patient preferences for an oncologist selection tool, value-based care, involvement in cancer care, and end-of-life planning.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care providers (PCPs) and insured patients with cancer.

Methods: We asked PCPs about their method of oncologist referral; utilization of an oncologist selection tool that directs patients to high-quality, high-value oncologists; involvement in cancer care and value-based care; and when an advance directive should be established.

A healthy plant-based diet is favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among participants of South Asian ancestry.

Background: Plant-based diets are recommended for chronic disease prevention, yet there has been little focus on plant-based diet quality among participants of South Asian ancestry who consume a predominantly plant-based diet.

Objectives: We evaluated cross-sectional and prospective associations between plant-based diet quality and cardiometabolic risks among participants of South Asian ancestry who are living in the United States.

Methods: We included 891 participants of South Asian ancestry who completed the baseline visit in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.

Cathepsin S Evokes PAR-Dependent Pain in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Preclinical Mouse Models.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) pain is more prevalent and severe than pain generated by any other form of cancer. We previously showed that protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR) contributes to oral SCC pain. Cathepsin S is a lysosomal cysteine protease released during injury and disease that can activate PAR.

Whole- and Refined-Grain Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.

Background: Greater whole grain (WG) consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few prospective studies have examined WG or refined grain (RG) intake and intermediate cardiometabolic risk factors.

Objectives: We examined the longitudinal association between WG and RG intake on changes in waist circumference (WC); fasting HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations; and blood pressure.

Methods: Subjects were participants in the Framingham Offspring cohort study [n = 3121; mean ± SD baseline age: 54.