Elimination of oral foci of infection might lead to clinical improvement of Graves' orbitopathy.

Purpose: Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are multifactorial disorders with links to the gut microbiome and autoimmunity. It is observed that patients with GD exhibit altered gut microbiome diversity. However, little is known about the role of oral microbiota in GD and GO.

Measurement of salivary thyroid hormones using the LC-MS/MS technique in a clinical setting.

Background: Saliva could be an attractive alternative to blood for assessing thyroid hormonal function.

Objectives: Our goal was to determine if the levels of thyroid hormones in saliva can accurately reflect a person's thyroid status and if they consistently correlate with the levels of the same hormones in the blood.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study.

Clinical Significance of IgG4 Serum Concentration in Graves' Disease.

Elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) serum antibodies are an important feature of IgG4-related disease. However, IgG4 antibodies can play a role in autoimmune thyroid disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of serum IgG4 levels on clinical features of Graves' disease (GD).

Periodontal disease in patients with thyroid diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Purpose: The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to suffer from periodontal disease. Therefore, our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease?".

Standard therapy or additionally radioactive iodine (131I) therapy; which will stop the recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumour. The average survival time for a patient diagnosed with GBM, using standard treatment methods, is several months. Authors of the article pose a direct question: Is it possible to treat GBM solely with radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) therapy without employing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene? After all, NIS has been detected not only in the thyroid but also in various tumours.

IgG4-related disease: an update on pathology and diagnostic criteria with a focus on salivary gland manifestations.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ disorder characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation depending on the affected organ/s, extent of tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions, and associated functional impairment. The disease pursues a chronic, relapsing, often asymptomatic course and hence may pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Diagnostic delay can lead to progressive fibrosis and irreversible organ damage resulting into significant morbidity and even mortality.

Safety of non-standard regimen of systemic steroid therapy in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: a single-centre experience.

Background: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder of the orbit and retro-ocular tissues and the primary extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. In moderate-to-severe and active GO iv glucocorticoids (GCs) are recommended as first-line treatment. The aim was to assess the safety profile of methylprednisolone administered intravenously for three consecutive days at 1 g in patients with active, moderate-to-severe or sight-threatening Graves' orbitopathy.

A new antiviral hypothesis and radioactive iodine therapy to other cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) is an effective, safe, and cheap method in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. There is still an unresolved question of whether RIT treatment also plays a role in the treatment of, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These studies are currently being carried out in rats in combination with genes, but it may be an interesting challenge to assess "pure" RIT alone, thanks to the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), is effective in other organ nodules, both benign and malignant.

Serum Phosphorus and Calcium as Biomarkers of Disease Status in Acromegaly.

Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), leading to changes in the growth of visceral tissues and glucose impairment. Serum biomarkers that correlate with disease status are still unclear. This study aims to assess the potential of phosphorus and calcium as biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of patients with acromegaly and clarify their relationship with SAGIT and other common biomarkers.

The influence of various endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system.

Various stimulants (VS) are chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system - endocrine homeostasis of the reproductive system - which also known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These substances are found in the human body, in both the blood and urine, amniotic fluid, or, among others, the adipose tissue. This article presents the current state of knowledge of the effect of EDCs and additional factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis on the gonads.

Glioblastoma Multiforme: The Latest Diagnostics and Treatment Techniques.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade 4 glioma and the most common malignant primary brain tumour. Recently, there has been outstanding progress in the treatment of GBM. In addition to the newest form of GBM removal using fluorescence, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, tomoradiotherapy, moderate electro-hyperthermia, and adjuvant temozolomide (post-operative chemotherapy), new developments have been made in the fields of immunology, molecular biology, and virotherapy.

The Role of Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK Pathways in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas-New Potential Therapeutic Approach-A Systematic Review.

Pituitary tumors (PT) are mostly benign, although occasionally they demonstrate aggressive behavior, invasion of surrounding tissues, rapid growth, resistance to conventional treatments, and multiple recurrences. The pathogenesis of PT is still not fully understood, and the factors responsible for its invasiveness, aggressiveness, and potential for metastasis are unknown. RAF/MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling are significant pathways in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and survival, its importance in tumorigenesis has been highlighted.

Clinical, Biochemical, and Sonographic Factors Influencing Performance of Parathormone Washout Measurement vs. Tc-MIBI Scintigraphy in the Preoperative Diagnostics of Parathyroid Adenomas.

The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical, biochemical, and sonographic factors influencing the performance of parathormone washout measurement (PTHw) vs. MIBI in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma (PA). The studied group consisted of 39 patients with primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

IgG4-related sclerosing thyroiditis (Riedel-Struma): a review of clinicopathological features and management.

We present a thorough review of the literature on Riedel thyroiditis (RT) with emphasis on aetiology, diagnosis and management, using the PubMed, Sinomed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Although the exact aetiology of RT remains obscure, the histopathological features are consistent with a localized form of IgG-related systemic disease (IgG-RSD). Nevertheless, IgG4-RSD as a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder per se rarely affects the thyroid in the context of multiorgan manifestations.

Clinical Implications of mTOR Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer-A Systematic Review.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises approximately 80% of all thyroid malignancies. Although several etiological factors, such as age, gender, and irradiation, are already known to be involved in the development of PTC, the genetics of cancerogenesis remain undetermined. The mTOR pathway regulates several cellular processes that are critical for tumorigenesis.

The potential utility of the SAGIT instrument in the clinical assessment of patients with acromegaly, a large single-centre study.

SAGIT is an instrument created for the clinical assessment of acromegaly. Our objective was to test the usefulness of this tool in assessing disease activity of acromegalic patients in a single centre of Poznan, Poland using a retrospective study. Medical records of patients with acromegaly hospitalised at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine of Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poland between January 2015 and December 2020 were analysed.

The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, recent studies show that, thanks to the presence of numerous receptors, VitD may also play an important role in regulating the immune system. VitD deficiency has been demonstrated to impact autoimmune disease, coeliac disease, infections (including respiratory/COVID-19), and patients with cancer.

[131I]I-MIBG-negative metastases of a recurrent sporadic paraganglioma in a female with achondroplasia.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Microbiota Alterations in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune disorders that cause impaired immunoregulation, leading to specific immune responses against thyroid antigens. Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the major forms of AITDs. Increasing evidence suggests a possible role of microbiota alterations in the pathogenesis and progression of AITDs.