Diagnostic dilemmas in Intraductal papillomas of the breast - Experience at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate the significance and accuracy of the colour of nipple discharge and breast ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 34 patients who underwent 36 microdochectomies in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in the Sultanate of Oman, over a 4 year period of January 2009 till December 2012. The confounders considered were patient age, physical examination findings, nipple discharge cytology result, ultrasound results and biopsy report following microdochectomy.

Clinically significant anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses.

Objective: Anatomic structural variations of the paranasal sinuses have a practical significance during surgical procedures conducted on the sinuses by otolaryngologists. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of clinically significant anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 435 computed tomography (CT) examinations of adult Omani patients was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinically significant anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses.

Mucinous breast cancer with solitary metastasis to humeral head: a case report.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of metastatic deposits in the skeleton, and bone is the most common site of recurrence of breast cancer. Breast cancer metastasis most commonly affects the spine, ribs, pelvis, and proximal long bones; however, only 3.5% of breast cancer patients develop long-bone metastases.

Metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast masquerading as a primary renal malignancy.

Breast cancer is known to metastasise to different organs in the body, but an initial presentation of breast cancer with loin pain secondary to a metastatic renal mass is extremely rare. We report a 58-year-old woman who presented with recurrent left loin pain due to a metastatic deposit of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. The detection of a renal mass on computed tomography led to the assumption of a renal pelvic malignancy.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Diagnostic strategy and therapeutic implications in Omani patients.

Objectives: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign disorder of the breast whose aetiology is controversial, and is often misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as mammary malignancy; as a result, it may be incorrectly treated. Although no standard treatment is available for this chronic disease, surgery with or without corticosteroids has been tried with controversial results. This study discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, recurrence, and follow-up data of IGM with a review of relevant literature.

Marjolin's Ulcer: Radiographic and magnetic resonance appearances in two cases.

Marjolin's ulcers are malignancies that arise in chronic venous ulcers, scars, burns, long standing wounds or sinuses. Radiography provides important information regarding bone destruction and periosteal reaction, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides excellent soft tissue detail, like tumour extent, depth, margins, any underlying bone cortical or marrow involvement, or involvement of adjacent neuro-vascular structures. We report two cases of Marjolin's ulcer and describe their radiographic and MR appearances.

Metastatic Malignant Melanoma during Pregnancy: Case report and a Review of the literature.

Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers and, when it occurs during pregnancy, it can frequently metastasise to the placenta and the foetus. Earlier reports suggested a rapid progress of the disease during pregnancy with a poor prognosis; however, recent controlled studies found that stage for stage, the prognosis of melanoma during pregnancy is similar to that in a non-pregnant state. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can avoid a tragic outcome.

Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Association with Tuberous Sclerosis: Case report.

We report the first case of gastric cancer in association with tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disorder which presents with a constellation of signs including benign tumours in the brain and in other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures, developmental delay, behavioural problems, skin abnormalities, and lung and kidney disease.

Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintimammography for the detection of recurrent breast cancer in a patient with equivocal mammography study.

This is a case report describing a patient at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, with recurrent local breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis. The cancer was detected with (99)Tc-(m) tetrofosmin scintimammography after an equivocal mammography study.

Pulmonary Infarction: A rare case of adrenal carcinoma.

A case report of unsuspected adrenal carcinoma with pulmonary artery obstruction in a young girl who was admitted with recurrent episodes of hypotension is presented. Computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrated a large right adrenal mass extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC), right atrium, right ventricle and right pulmonary artery. There are many case reports in literature documenting IVC and right atrial thrombus in patients with adrenal carcinoma.

Sonographically guided percutaneous sclerosis using 1% polidocanol in the treatment of vascular malformations.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% polidocanol for sclerosis of peripheral vascular malformations.

Methods: Patients with vascular malformations of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present.

Sonographic appearances of galactoceles.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and summarize the sonographic appearances of galactoceles.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the sonograms and clinical records of 10 patients with galactoceles who had been examined over a 5-year period to evaluate breast lumps that had occurred during lactation or the puerperium.

Results: Sonograms from all patients showed well-defined lesions with thin, echogenic walls.