Ribosome Quality Control mitigates the cytotoxicity of ribosome collisions induced by 5-Fluorouracil.

Ribosome quality control (RQC) resolves collided ribosomes, thus preventing their cytotoxic effects. The chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is best known for its misincorporation into DNA and inhibition of thymidylate synthase. However, while a major determinant of 5FU's anticancer activity is its misincorporation into RNAs, the mechanisms by which cancer cells overcome the RNA-dependent 5FU toxicity remain ill-defined.

Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review.

Background: Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health.

Objectives: Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health.

Methods: : A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari.

Drug-loaded vegan gummies for personalized dosing of simethicone: A feasibility study of semi-solid extrusion-based 3D printing of pectin-based low-calorie drug gummies.

Chewable gummies are an attractive dosage form for all age groups because of their appearance and texture. Although, this dosage form has been highly preferred administering nutraceuticals, its application in the pharmaceutical sector is worth exploring. In this study, simethicone (SMT), an OTC drug prescribed for anti-flatulence was incorporated in pectin- based, low-calorie, 3D printed gummies.

Addressing patients' unmet needs related to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) care: A qualitative research study from Pune city, India.

Aim: We aimed to identify and describe the unmet needs of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

Methods: As a part of larger cross-sectional mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative data) study on pathways to MDR-TB care, here we present the qualitative component. We interviewed 128 (56 men and 72 women) individuals who had MDR-TB, aged > = 15 years, registered and treated under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) in Pune city of India.

Early Microbiologic Markers of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes.

Earlier biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) treatment outcomes are critical to monitor shortened anti-TB treatment (ATT). To identify early microbiologic markers of unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. We performed a subanalysis of 2 prospective TB cohort studies conducted from 2013 to 2019 in India.

Stealth invaders: unraveling the mystery of neurotropic viruses and their elusive presence in cerebrospinal fluid - a comprehensive review.

Neurotropic viruses are a threat to human populations due to ongoing zoonosis. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most often including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neuroinvasion occurs through: transneural transmission, blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and 'trojan horse' mechanism or infected immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS).

Intestinal BMP-9 locally upregulates FGF19 and is down-regulated in obese patients with diabetes.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9, a member of the TGFβ-family of cytokines, is believed to be mainly produced in the liver. The serum levels of BMP-9 were reported to be reduced in newly diagnosed diabetic patients and BMP-9 overexpression ameliorated steatosis in the high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Furthermore, injection of BMP-9 in mice enhanced expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21.

Pain and Physiological Stress During Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy (MIST) in Very Preterm Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the pain or physiological stress caused during minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) to very preterm neonates.

Methods: In this prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary NICU, very preterm neonates were assessed for pain using Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) score before, during and after MIST. Changes in the heart rate and oxygen saturation were also recorded during the procedure.

Bisphosphonates for Post-COVID Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Medical Management of a Surgical Condition.

Unlabelled: COVID-19 infection can cause long-term effects, cumulatively known as long COVID syndrome. One such sequela is osteonecrosis of the femoral head (also called avascular necrosis of the femoral head, or AVNFH). On the basis of our 20-year experience in using bisphosphonate therapy in the successful management of osteonecrosis, we conducted the present study to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy in the management of post-COVID osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Elderly That Debuts With an Organic Manifestation of Lupus Nephritis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune condition with many clinical presentations. It is classically seen in young to middle-aged females and can present with cutaneous, renal, serosal, hematological, joint, and/or neurological manifestations at the time of diagnosis or may develop over the course of the disease. Late-onset SLE or SLE in the elderly is a subtype that differs from the classic SLE in age group, clinical presentation, involvement of organs, and severity.

Tuberculosis (TB) Aftermath: study protocol for a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation non-inferiority randomized trial in India comparing two active case finding (ACF) strategies among individuals treated for TB and their household contacts.

Background: Approximately 7% of all reported tuberculosis (TB) cases each year are recurrent, occurring among people who have had TB in the recent or distant past. TB recurrence is particularly common in India, which has the largest TB burden worldwide. Although patients recently treated for TB are at high risk of developing TB again, evidence around effective active case finding (ACF) strategies in this population is scarce.

Secondary osteonecrosis of the knee as a part of long COVID-19 syndrome: a case series.

COVID-19 infection affects different organ systems with long-term sequelae, which has been termed as long COVID-19 syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, osteonecrosis of the knee as a part of long COVID-19 syndrome has not been documented. Corticosteroids are being used extensively in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19.

Osteonecrosis with Concomitant Bacterial Osteomyelitis of Both Hips and a Knee in a Post-COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report.

Case: We report the case of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-recovered, 42-year-old man with osteonecrosis and concomitant acute bacterial osteomyelitis of both hips and his left knee. The patient underwent total hip replacement for both hips and arthroscopic decompression and synovectomy of the knee joint. On follow-up, he has complete and painless range of motion with resolving osteomyelitis and no signs of active infection.

Tuberculosis Pathways to Care and Transmission of Multidrug Resistance in India.

India is experiencing a regional increase in cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Given the complexity of MDR-TB diagnosis and care, we sought to address key knowledge gaps in MDR risk factors, care delays, and drivers of delay to help guide disease control. From January 2018 to September 2019, we conducted interviews with adults registered with the National TB Elimination Program for MDR ( = 128) and non-MDR-TB ( = 269) treatment to quantitatively and qualitatively study care pathways.

Unhealthy alcohol use independently associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes among Indian men.

Approximately 10% of incident TB cases worldwide are attributable to alcohol. However, evidence associating alcohol with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes is weak. We prospectively evaluated men (≥18 years) with pulmonary TB in India for up to 24 months to investigate the association between alcohol use and treatment outcomes.

A critical analysis of CTRI registered AYUSH studies for COVID- 19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportune time to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine. Many clinical studies involving AYUSH systems are being initiated and registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) since last few months.

Objective: The present work is an analysis of different characteristics of these studies on the basis of available datasets.

Assessment of the Xpert assay among adult pulmonary tuberculosis suspects with and without diabetes mellitus.

Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area, Maharashtra State, India. To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay among adults with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and with or without diabetes (DM). As part of a prospective cohort study, we screened 2359 adults presumed to have PTB with no history of TB.

Topical minocycline formulations: Evaluation and comparison of dermal uptake efficacy.

Acne vulgaris is a clinically distinct skin condition with evidence suggesting that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Treatment of severe inflammatory acne often involves the use of oral antibiotics, sometimes in combination with topical products. Oral antibiotics often result in systemic side effects and the risks of antibiotic resistance, but no commercial topical minocycline is currently available.

First Use of Optical Coherence Tomography on In Vivo Inflammatory Acne-Like Lesions: A Murine Model.

Background And Objectives: Successful outcomes of clinical studies for acne vulgaris depend greatly on achieving statistically significant reduction in acne lesion count and improvement in Investigator's Global Assessment score of the investigational drug product against its vehicle control. To date, there has not been a validated preclinical acne model to evaluate investigational drug products in order to improve the probability of clinical success. An inflammatory acne-like lesion mouse model developed in-house has previously been used for clinical guidance in our drug development program.

The Development and Validation of Novel, Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Refractive Index Detector for Quantification of Memantine Hydrochloride in Dissolution Samples.

The present study was aimed to develop an analytical method for quantification of memantine (MEM) hydrochloride in dissolution samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (RI) detector. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 (250 × 4.5 mm, 5 μm) column using isocratic mobile phase comprises of buffer (pH 5.

Screening of the Human Kinome Identifies MSK1/2-CREB1 as an Essential Pathway Mediating Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication during Primary Infection.

Unlabelled: Viruses often hijack cellular pathways to facilitate infection and replication. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus etiologically associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a vascular tumor of endothelial cells. Despite intensive studies, cellular pathways mediating KSHV infection and replication are still not well defined.