Phase II study of ramucirumab and docetaxel for previously platinum-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural effusion (PLEURAM study).

Background: The prognosis of patients with lung cancer and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by carcinomatous pleurisy is poor. Chemical pleurodesis is commonly performed clinically, however, often has a high failure rate. Furthermore, prolonged sustained drainage and delayed introduction of systemic chemotherapy could increase the risk of worsening the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Phase II study of IRInotecan treatment after COmbined chemo-immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: Protocol of IRICO study.

Introduction: Combined treatment using anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) and platinum-etoposide is the current standard first-line treatment for patients with extensive-stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the best treatment for relapsed ES-SCLC after the first-line treatment remains unclear. There are some approved chemotherapeutic agents that can be used against ES-SCLC, and treatment with irinotecan is well established as both a monotherapy and a combined therapy, in combination with platinum.

Proportion of biopsy specimens containing a tumor when compared to all biopsy specimens by transbronchial biopsy.

Background: The lung cancer biopsy specimens obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guide sheath (EBUS-GS) trans lung biopsy occasionally do not contain cancer cells. It is a problem that there is a possibility that they may not contain cancer cells.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the proportion of biopsy specimens containing cancer cells in total biopsy specimens.

Pan-HER inhibitors overcome lorlatinib resistance caused by NRG1/HER3 activation in ALK-rearranged lung cancer.

Lorlatinib, a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with a broad coverage against ALK mutations, has demonstrated dramatic effects in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer. The mechanisms of acquired resistance to lorlatinib by secondary ALK compound mutations have recently been reported; however, resistance mechanisms other than secondary mutations remain unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the acquired resistance in ALK-rearranged lung cancer cells in vitro.

Phase I study of amrubicin plus cisplatin and concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer: protocol of ACIST study.

Background: Etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy (AHTRT) is the standard treatment strategy for unresectable limited-disease (LD) small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which has remained unchanged for over two decades. Based on a previous study that confirmed the non-inferiority of amrubicin (AMR) plus cisplatin (AP) when compared with EP for extensive-disease (ED) SCLC, we have previously conducted a phase I study assessing AP with concurrent TRT (2 Gy/time, once daily, 50 Gy in total) for LD-SCLC therapy. Our findings revealed that AP with concurrent TRT could prolong overall survival to 39.

Efficacy of S-1 after pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective multi-institutional analysis.

Background: S-1 and pemetrexed (PEM) are key treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism of anticancer activity of S-1 and PEM is similar. Cross-resistance between S-1 and PEM is of concern.

Vildagliptin-induced ground-glass nodules mimicking lung metastases in a cancer patient receiving Lactobacillus probiotic supplementation.

The association between gut microbiota and the lung immune system has been attracting increasing interest. Here, we report a case of pancreatic cancer in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin induced unusual manifestations of interstitial pneumonia, possibly under the influence of Lactobacillus paraplantarum probiotic supplementation. Chest computed tomography and positron emission tomography showed multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) mimicking metastatic lung cancer.

Intrathoracic amyloid tumors that presented as yellowish multinodular endobronchial protrusions with irregular vascularity and easy bleeding.

Immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell neoplasm that has a tendency to bleed easily. However, the potential risks of transbronchial biopsy in such cases have not been fully proven. Here, we report a case of parotid and intrathoracic AL amyloid tumors that presented as endobronchial protrusions that bled easily.