Potential Bias Models With Bayesian Shrinkage Priors for Dynamic Borrowing of Multiple Historical Control Data.

When multiple historical controls are available, it is necessary to consider the conflicts between current and historical controls and the relationships among historical controls. One of the assumptions concerning the relationships between the parameters of interest of current and historical controls is known as the "Potential biases." Within the "Potential biases" assumption, the differences between the parameters of interest of the current control and of each historical control are defined as "potential bias parameters.

Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study.

Objective: To investigate associations between parenting styles during childhood and diabetes in adulthood in a Japanese community.

Methods: In 2011, 710 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥ 40 years were assessed for the presence of diabetes and for their perceptions of the parenting style of their parents, as measured using the "care" and "overprotection" scales of the Parental Bonding Instrument. Care and overprotection scores for each parent were dichotomized by age-specific median values.

Factors associated with the improvement of body image dissatisfaction of female patients with overweight and obesity during cognitive behavioral therapy.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most commonly used psychotherapeutic treatments for obesity. It stems from CBT for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, which focuses on amelioration of the eating behavior and body image dissatisfaction (BID), but usually does not focus on weight loss. In contrast, CBT for obesity focuses on weight loss, as well as eating behavior and BID.

Bayesian adaptive randomization design incorporating propensity score-matched historical controls.

Incorporating historical control data to augment the control arm in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is one way of increasing their efficiency and feasibility when adequate RCTs cannot be conducted. In recent work, a Bayesian adaptive randomization design incorporating historical control data has been proposed to reduce sample size according to the amount of information that could be borrowed, assessed at interim assessment in respect to prior-data conflict. However, the approach does not distinguish between the two sources of prior-data conflict: (1) imbalance in measured covariates, and (2) imbalance in unmeasured covariates.

Parenting style during childhood is associated with the development of chronic pain and a patient's need for psychosomatic treatment in adulthood: A case-control study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between parenting style and chronic pain and the patients' need for psychosomatic treatment in adulthood.We compared 4 combinations of 2 parenting style subscales, high and low care and overprotection, among the following 4 age- and sex-matched groups: community-dwelling subjects without chronic pain (n = 100), community-dwelling subjects with chronic pain (n = 100), outpatients with chronic pain (n = 50), and inpatients with chronic pain (n = 50). Parenting style was assessed for both the mother and father by use of the Parental Bonding Instrument questionnaire.

Effects of Weight Loss on Sweet Taste Preference and Palatability following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Women with Obesity.

Objective: Current evidence suggests that obesity is associated with alteration of sweet taste perception. The purpose of this study was to determine if nonsurgical cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based weight loss can cause a change in sweet taste perception.

Methods: This case-control study consisted of 51 women aged 21-64 years.

Predictors of successful long-term weight loss maintenance: a two-year follow-up.

Background: Weight regain is a common problem following weight loss intervention, with most people who seek treatment for obesity able to lose weight, but few able to sustain the changes in behavior required to prevent subsequent weight regain. The identification of factors that predict which patients will successfully maintain weight loss or who are at risk of weight regain after weight loss intervention is necessary to improve the current weight maintenance strategies. The aim of the present study is identify factors associated with successful weight loss maintenance by women with overweight or obesity who completed group cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight loss.

A change in objective sleep duration is associated with a change in the serum adiponectin level of women with overweight or obesity undergoing weight loss intervention.

Background: Although the serum adiponectin level is inversely correlated to body mass index and closely associated with obesity and related diseases, neither the impact of weight loss on the adiponectin level nor other factors that might influence the adiponectin level during weight loss intervention are well documented.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the change in the serum adiponectin level during weight loss intervention and to determine if sleep parameters affect the serum adiponectin level.

Methods: Ninety women with overweight or obesity aged 25 to 65 years completed a 7-month cognitive behavioural therapy based weight loss intervention that included dieting, exercise and stress management.

Inhibition of emotional needs and emotional wellbeing predict disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients: an 8-year prospective study.

Background: The role of psycosocial factors in the disease progression of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic value of behavioral patterns and the quality of life (QOL) of patients with CHC.

Methods: Two hundred and forty Japanese CHC patients (mean age 62.

Perceived inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with greater risk of sleep disturbance in adulthood: the Hisayama Study.

Background: Sleep disturbance and poor sleep quality are major health problems worldwide. One potential risk factor for the development and maintenance of sleep disturbance is the parenting style experienced during childhood. However, its role in sleep disturbance in adulthood has not yet been estimated.

Predictors of Dropout by Female Obese Patients Treated with a Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Promote Weight Loss.

Objective: To investigate predictors of dropout from a group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for overweight or obese women.

Methods: 119 overweight and obese Japanese women aged 25-65 years who attended an outpatient weight loss intervention were followed throughout the 7-month weight loss phase. Somatic characteristics, socioeconomic status, obesity-related diseases, diet and exercise habits, and psychological variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, alexithymia, parenting style, perfectionism, and eating attitude) were assessed at baseline.

Paternal and maternal bonding styles in childhood are associated with the prevalence of chronic pain in a general adult population: the Hisayama Study.

Background: Previous research has suggested that extraordinary adverse experiences during childhood, such as abuse, are possible risk factors for the development of chronic pain. However, the relationship between the perceived parental bonding style during childhood and chronic pain has been much less studied.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 760 community-dwelling Japanese adults were asked if they had pain that had been present for six months or more.

Higher sleep fragmentation predicts a lower magnitude of weight loss in overweight and obese women participating in a weight-loss intervention.

Background: Sleep has been identified as having an influence on the success of weight-loss interventions; however, knowledge of the mechanisms and the extent to which sleep disturbances affect the magnitude of weight reduction is inconclusive.

Objective: To determine if sleep duration and quality can predict the magnitude of weight reduction in a weight-loss intervention program for overweight and obese women.

Methods: Ninety overweight and obese women aged 25-65 years completed the 7-month weight-loss phase of our weight-loss intervention.

[Cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity].

A change in the traditional Japanese diet to include foods from other countries and increased reliance on motorized transportation has resulted in higher-caloric intake and lower energy expenditure. In consequence, the number of obese patients has grown rapidly, as has the number of patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and coronary vascular disease. These have come to be called lifestyle-related diseases because changes in lifestyle are deeply associated with their onset and development.

[Estimation of preoperative induction chemoradiotherapy effectiveness for non small-cell lung cancer].

We have performed the clinical evaluations of preoperative induction chemoradiotherapy (CRTx) for 25 patients with non small-cell lung cancer (male: 19, female: 6, mean age: 66.4-year-old). The clinical stages of these patients were IIA: 1, IIB: 7, IIIA: 14, and IIIB: 3, respectively.

[A case of lung cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with a significantly high uptake in the bones observed by a FDG-PET scan].

A 57-year-old man complaining of right shoulder pain was admitted. Chest enhanced CT scanning showed a mass shadow in the right upper lobe with chest wall invasion. The laboratory data on admission showed marked leukocytosis.

[An autopsy case of massive hemoptysis due to a rupture of the thoracic aortic aneurysm into the left lung].

An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with aspiration pneumonia and thereafter suddenly died of massive hemoptysis. An autopsy revealed an aortic arch aneurysm which had ruptured into the left lung. This case showed that acute infectious lung diseases, such as aspiration pneumonia, could cause a rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms.