HBOC syndrome with an uncharacterized variant in the gene in a patient diagnosed with endometrial cancer after surgery for bilateral breast cancer: A case report.

The association between endometrial cancer and the and genes is not fully understood, and the risk elevation of endometrial cancer in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is not understood. The present report examines a rare case of HBOC syndrome and an uncharacterized variant of the gene in a patient diagnosed with endometrial cancer. A 46-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 1, was referred to Wakayama Medical University Hospital (Wakayama, Japan) because positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed a high FDG uptake in the corpus uteri and the left ovary.

Prevalence of common aneuploidy in twin pregnancies.

The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in twin pregnancies is not well-studied. In this retrospective study, we investigated the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in twin pregnancies and compared the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in dichorionic diamniotic (DD) and monochorionic diamniotic (MD) twins. We used data from 57 clinical facilities across Japan.

Malignant melanoma treated with pembrolizumab during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature.

There have been very few reports on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant tumors during pregnancy. Herein, the current study reports a case of a patient diagnosed with advanced malignant melanoma who was treated with pembrolizumab during pregnancy. A 40-year-old primigravida underwent noninvasive prenatal testing at 10 weeks of gestation, and the result was inconclusive, suggesting the possibility of maternal malignancy.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in a young woman diagnosed after resection of endometrial polyp-like lesions: A case report.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare tumor that mostly occurs in perimenopausal women. Treatment with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended, although fertility preservation or ovarian preservation may be considered in younger patients. The present study reports a case of LG-ESS in a young woman diagnosed after resection of endometrial polyp-like lesions.

Risk factors of retained products of conception after miscarriage or termination with gemeprost in the second trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective case-controlled study in Japanese population.

Retained products of conception (RPOC) is a complication that occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy. We enrolled 98 women who had a miscarriage or termination with gemeprost in the second trimester of pregnancy. Eighteen cases (18.

MYRF haploinsufficiency causes 46,XY and 46,XX disorders of sex development: bioinformatics consideration.

Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are defined as congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. In many DSD cases, genetic causes remain to be elucidated. Here, we performed a case-control exome sequencing study comparing gene-based burdens of rare damaging variants between 26 DSD cases and 2625 controls.

Short term outcomes of helical tomotherapy during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer.

The aim of the present study was to clarify the feasibility and efficacy of helical tomotherapy during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for treating cervical cancer. The medical records of 13 patients who underwent oncurrent chemoradiotherapy using helical tomotherapy for cervical cancer at Wakayama Medical University Hospital between 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 15 patients who underwent oncurrent chemoradiotherapy using conventional radiotherapy (CRT) between 2008 and 2013 at our institution were also examined for comparison.

Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor by the lack of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction in mice.

Preterm labor (PTL) is the most common cause of neonatal death and long-term adverse outcome. The pharmacological agents for PTL prevention are palliative and frequently fail to prevent PTL and improve neonatal outcome. It is essential to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of PTL in order to develop novel therapeutic methods against PTL.

Perinatal outcome of vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia initiated at the early or late phase of labor period: A retrospective cohort study in the Japanese population.

Aim: We compared the perinatal outcomes of vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia initiated at the early versus late phase in a Japanese population.

Methods: Women enrolled in this retrospective cohort study received intrapartum analgesia via combined spinal epidural analgesia after labor onset between May 2010 and August 2015. We compared the perinatal outcomes between two different timings of epidural analgesia: at the early phase (≤3 cm cervical dilatation) and the late phase (≥4 cm) or at the new definition-based early phase (≤5 cm) and late phase (≥6 cm).

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia with severe fetal growth restriction in one placenta of a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy.

We report a rare case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) with fetal growth restriction (FGR) in one placenta of a dichorionic diamniotic (DD) twin pregnancy. A 24-year-old woman was referred to our hospital at 24 weeks' gestation due to FGR and ipsilateral placental abnormality in DD twins. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed one placenta of the FGR fetus was bulky and had multiple cysts, while the other fetus placenta appeared normal.

Wakayama Medical University Hospital perinatal helicopter ambulance service: 14 year review.

Background: In 2003, a perinatal helicopter air ambulance service was introduced for remote areas of Wakayama and Mie prefectures, Japan, but its long-term impact on perinatal medicine has not yet been analyzed.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on helicopter air ambulance cases recorded between January 2003 and December 2016 at Wakayama Medical University Hospital (WMUH).

Results: During that period, 61 pregnant mothers were transferred by helicopter air ambulance to WMUH.

Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1.

Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. It has been reported that CRT is expressed in the human placenta, although its function in placental development is poorly understood. Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy.

Levels of serum-circulating angiogenic factors within 1 week prior to delivery are closely related to conditions of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and/or fetal growth restriction.

Aim: We aimed to investigate maternal serum angiogenic marker profiles within 1 week prior to delivery in cases of gestational hypertension (GH), pre-eclampsia (PE), and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) with different clinical conditions.

Methods: We enrolled 165 women with singleton pregnancy. The participants were classified based on three characteristics: (i) proteinuria (GH and PE); (ii) FGR (PE with FGR [PE + FGR], PE alone, and FGR alone); and (iii) onset (early onset PE [EO PE] and late-onset PE [LO PE]).

Rapidly progressing large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the uterine corpus: A case report and review of the literature.

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor. LCNECs arising from the genital organs are highly malignant and rare, with <20 cases of LCNEC developing from the uterine endometrium reported to date. We herein present the case of a patient with LCNEC of the endometrium.

Identical twins with mature cystic teratomas treated with laparoscopic surgery: Two case reports.

Mature cystic teratomas are the most common among all ovarian neoplasms, representing 30-40% of the cases. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been only two reports of mature cystic teratomas occurring in identical twins to date. We herein report a case of identical twins with mature cystic teratomas who were treated with laparoscopic surgery.

A Case of Malignant Melanoma of the Uterine Cervix with Disseminated Metastases throughout the Vaginal Wall.

Malignant melanoma (MM) in the female genital tract accounts for less than 2% of all melanomas, and the vast majority associated occur in the vulva and vagina. Primary MM of the uterine cervix is extremely rare and its prognosis is very poor. We report a case of primary MM of the cervix with dissemination throughout the vaginal wall.

Downregulation of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in the villous stromal endothelial cells of placentas with preeclampsia.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive enzyme that converts tryptophan to kynurenine, is expressed in the placenta and might play a role in the maintenance of pregnancy, although its associations with the pathogeneses of preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in IDO expression among normal, PE, and FGR placentas, and the associations between IDO expression and clinical symptoms, or the expression of fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (Flt-1).

Methods: Immunohistochemical studies of IDO and Flt-1 expression were performed in human placentas that were complicated with FGR alone (n=19), PE alone (n=20), or both PE and FGR (n=39), and gestational age-matched controls (n=23).

Large uterine pyomyoma in a perimenopausal female: A case report and review of 50 reported cases in the literature.

Pyomyoma is a rare complication, which withoug antibiotics or surgical intervention, may cause sepsis and mortality. The present study reported a case of large uterine pyomyoma in a perimenopausal female. A 53-year-old multigravida woman was referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan) due to progressive abdominal distension.

Prognostic impact of primary tumor SUV on preoperative F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography in endometrial cancer and uterine carcinosarcoma.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumor on preoperative F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) as a prognostic indicator in patients with endometrial neoplasms. A total of 75 patients with endometrial cancer or uterine carcinosarcoma who underwent surgical treatment were included in the present study. All patients underwent preoperative PET/CT, and the correlation between the SUV of the primary tumor and clinical outcomes was analyzed.

Vasa previa evaluated by noncontrast time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography.

Objective: Vasa previa is a rare complication, and rupture of vasa previa during pregnancy may lead to significant perinatal mortality. Here, we report a case of vasa previa evaluated prenatally using noncontrast time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA).

Case Report: A 22-year-old primiparous woman was referred to our hospital due to suspicion of vasa previa.

Primary tumor SUV on preoperative FDG-PET/CT is a prognostic indicator in stage IA2-IIB cervical cancer patients treated with radical hysterectomy.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake by primary tumors on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in surgically resectable cervical cancer. A total of 59 patients with stage IA2-IIB cervical cancer who underwent preoperative FDG-PET/CT, followed by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy, were included in the study. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumor was measured, and the association between the SUV and clinicopathological factors or patient outcomes was analyzed.

Clinicopathologic Factors of Cervical Adenocarcinoma Stages IB to IIB.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic factors of stages IB to IIB cervical adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Several clinicopathologic factors were compared between 35 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy due to cervical adenocarcinoma stages IB to IIB and 77 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Results: In patients with adenocarcinoma, univariate analysis demonstrated that International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor size, and lymphovascular space invasion were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS), whereas FIGO stage, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with overall survival (OS).

AG490, a Jak2 inhibitor, suppressed the progression of murine ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the major cause of cancer death among female genital malignancies, and requires developing novel therapeutic measures. Immune escape and acquisition of tolerance by tumor cells are essential for cancer growth and progression. An immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overexpression in tumors is essential for host immune tolerance.

Vaginal carcinoma in a young woman who underwent fertility-sparing treatment involving chemotherapy and conservative surgery.

Vaginal carcinoma is a rare gynecological malignancy that is usually treated by radiation therapy and/or surgery combined with chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of invasive vaginal carcinoma in a young woman who underwent fertility-sparing treatment involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conservative surgery. A 36-year-old non-parous woman had a solid tumor in the vagina.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy associated with fetal mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a devastating disorder of the maternal liver in the third trimester. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between AFLP and fetal fatty acid oxidation disorders. Here, we report a case of AFLP caused by fetal mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency.