Developing a nursing protocol for the remote verification of an expected death.

Background: Homecare nurses play an important role in end-of-life care. A protocol is needed for the remote verification of expected deaths using information and communication technologies (ICT), that is consistent with Japanese guidelines.

Aim: To clarify the processes that nurses use to verify deaths and to develop a tentative nursing protocol for verifying expected deaths, using home-based ICT.

Developing the structured knowledge model to navigate the nurses' thinking process in their professional judgment and action.

Authors have defined the function of the nursing observation as "monitoring the onset and course of health problems" and that of nursing action as "preventing health problems". We have also identified three foci of the nursing observation and nursing action respectively. The foci of nursing observation are: "signs and symptoms related to the diseases", "complications related to the invasive medical procedures such as surgery" and "adverse effects related to the pharmacotherapy".

The development of the nursing action master file.

The nursing action master was developed through collecting terms used by the nurses. The nursing action terms were classified in 2 of the basics and specialty. The nursing action master consists of four hierarchical structures.

[Risk management of ALS patients who depend on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) while away from home].

Analyses were done on the health-related problems occurring among 12 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients who depend on Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) while social activities outside the home. The health-related problems were initially categorized according to differing scenarios of incidents. 115 incidents (50.