Oculomotor control after hemidecortication: One hemisphere encodes normal ipsilateral oblique anti-saccades.

A critical question in neurology is how the brain reorganizes its structure and function following injury. Here, we consider oculomotor control following a massive brain lesion, a hemispherectomy. We used the oblique anti-saccade task which requires the suppression of a saccade towards a visual cue, flashed anywhere in a patient's seeing hemifield, and the generation, in the dark, of an anti-saccade to a task-dependent location in the opposite blind hemifield; inverting either the horizontal or both horizontal and vertical components.

Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations.

Objectives: We examined autosomal genome-wide SNPs and Y-chromosome data from 15 Siberian and 12 reference populations to study the affinities of Siberian populations, and to address hypotheses about the origin of the Samoyed peoples.

Methods: Samples were genotyped for 567 096 autosomal SNPs and 147 Y-chromosome polymorphic sites. For several analyses, we used 281 093 SNPs from the intersection of our data with publicly available ancient Siberian samples.

The primitive retino-tecto-reticular pathway is functional in hemidecorticate patients.

Normal vision requires the classic neural pathway from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to cortex. A lesion of visual cortex causes blindness, but often unconscious visual abilities are retained; this is known as 'blindsight' and is characterised by responses to visual stimuli a patient denies seeing. Three types of blindsight have been proposed: action blindsight, attention blindsight and agnosopsia [1].

Complex Patterns of Admixture across the Indonesian Archipelago.

Indonesia, an island nation as large as continental Europe, hosts a sizeable proportion of global human diversity, yet remains surprisingly undercharacterized genetically. Here, we substantially expand on existing studies by reporting genome-scale data for nearly 500 individuals from 25 populations in Island Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Oceania, notably including previously unsampled islands across the Indonesian archipelago. We use high-resolution analyses of haplotype diversity to reveal fine detail of regional admixture patterns, with a particular focus on the Holocene.

Small Traditional Human Communities Sustain Genomic Diversity over Microgeographic Scales despite Linguistic Isolation.

At least since the Neolithic, humans have largely lived in networks of small, traditional communities. Often socially isolated, these groups evolved distinct languages and cultures over microgeographic scales of just tens of kilometers. Population genetic theory tells us that genetic drift should act quickly in such isolated groups, thus raising the question: do networks of small human communities maintain levels of genetic diversity over microgeographic scales? This question can no longer be asked in most parts of the world, which have been heavily impacted by historical events that make traditional society structures the exception.

[Clinical and psychological mechanisms involved in the formation of syndromes of delusional and overvalued constructions].

Aim: The identification of clinical-psychopathological and pathopsychological components involved in the formation of syndromes of delusional and overvalued constructions.

Material And Methods: Authors examined 93 subjects using experimental psychological techniques for detection of cognitive styles.

Results And Conclusion: A specific combination of phenomenological disorders and cognitive style characteristics in different types of delusional (sensual, imaginative and interpretive) and delusion-like (overvalued) states has been singled out.

Coevolution of genes and languages and high levels of population structure among the highland populations of Daghestan.

As a result of the combination of great linguistic and cultural diversity, the highland populations of Daghestan present an excellent opportunity to test the hypothesis of language-gene coevolution at a fine geographic scale. However, previous genetic studies generally have been restricted to uniparental markers and have not included many of the key populations of the region. To improve our understanding of the genetic structure of Daghestani populations and to investigate possible correlations between genetic and linguistic variation, we analyzed ~550,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms, phylogenetically informative Y chromosome markers and mtDNA haplotypes in 21 ethnic Daghestani groups.

Extensive genome-wide autozygosity in the population isolates of Daghestan.

Isolated populations are valuable resources for mapping disease genes, as inbreeding increases genome-wide homozygosity and enhances the ability to map disease alleles on a genetically uniform background within a relatively homogenous environment. The populations of Daghestan are thought to have resided in the Caucasus Mountains for hundreds of generations and are characterized by a high prevalence of certain complex diseases. To explore the extent to which their unique population history led to increased levels of inbreeding, we genotyped >550 000 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a set of 14 population isolates speaking Nakh-Daghestanian (ND) languages.

Blindsight after hemidecortication: visual stimuli in blind hemifield influence anti-saccades directed there.

Patients missing a cortical hemisphere, removed surgically at adulthood, cannot consciously see a visual probe stimulus (P) flashed in their blind contralesional, hemifield. Nevertheless, they have a low-level form of blindsight wherein P can affect the reaction time of a manual response to the appearance of a visual target in their seeing hemifield. This ability is thought to require the pathway from retina-to-ipsilesional superior colliculus (SC) to cortex of the remaining hemisphere (Leh et al.

[Infectious mononucleosis: etiology, immunological variants, methods of correction].

Clinical options of infectious mononucleosis course depending on infecting agent etiology are presented for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), mono and mixed forms of the disease. Examined cytokine profiles demonstrate analogous changes of serum cytokines in the acute stage of the disease irrespective of etiological factors. Data show that it is important and useful clinically and immunologically to include immunomodulators--in particular, cycloferon--info a complex therapy of different types of mononucleosis.

[Interferon inductors in treatment of associative forms of tick-borne infection in children].

Thirty three children with associative forms of thick-borne infection (thick-borne encephalitis with ixodic borreliosis) were clinically observed. The disease was characterized by subfebrile temperature, moderate intoxication, rare erythema (39.5%) and frequent cardiovascular disorders with development of Lyme carditis (32.

Transillumination imaging through scattering media by use of photorefractive polymers.

We demonstrate the use of a near-infrared-sensitive photorefractive polymer with high efficiency for imaging through scattering media, using an all-optical holographic time gate. Imaging through nine scattering mean free paths is performed at 800nm with a mode-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser.

[Characteristics of combat disorders in war veterans committed illegal aggressive actions].

peculiarities of battle posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and personal grounds to criminal aggression of 174 veterans of local wars and armed conflicts. It's shown, that the highest probability of accomplishment of socially dangerous actions is at the term of first 3 years after the influence of stress battle factors. More over different PTSD symptoms.

[Intracranial electrical stimulation in the treatment of neurocirculatory asthenia and essential hypertension].

The treatment of neurocirculatory asthenia and essential hypertension stage I and II with low-frequency bioresonance intracranial electrostimulation (BIES) performed on portable two-channel unit SEM-02 led to uneventful sthenic condition, relief of headache, improved sleep and performance, exercise tolerance. The quality of the bioenergetic field advanced in all the patients. Low-energy BIES may be used in many diseases, provides fast therapeutic effect in minimal intake of drugs, is nontoxic and hypoallergic.