Optimizing sacral screw fixation in patients with caudal regression syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare techniques and outcomes associated with two different technique of pelvic screw insertion in patients with caudal spine absence.

Methods: A cohort of patients with varying degrees of caudal structural regression, serves as the focal point of this investigation. Pelvic configurations were classified based on established criteria to facilitate comparative analysis.

Reliability and validity of the pediatric adaptation of the mJOA scale for evaluating cervical spine disorders.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the pediatric adaptation of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scale in pediatric patients with various cervical spine pathologies.

Methods: Initial assessments were performed by a neurosurgeon, followed by an independent evaluation by a neurologist within 1-2 days to test inter-rater reliability. The same clinician assessed the same group of children using the adapted mJOA scale at different point in time (between 1 month and 1 year after the initial assessment) to test intra-rater reliability.

Segmental Spinal Aplasia: Anatomical Variations and Treatment Insights.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze anatomical variants of segmental spinal aplasia (SSA) and investigate factors influencing surgical treatment outcomes, with a specific focus on the incidence of complications.

Methods: The study focused on patients with SSA treated at a single medical center, with over two years of follow-up.

Sweet corn phytoglycogen dendrimers as a lyoprotectant for dry-state protein storage.

Protein biotherapeutics typically require expensive cold-chain storage to maintain their fold and function. Packaging proteins in the dry state via lyophilization can reduce these cold-chain requirements. However, formulating proteins for lyophilization often requires extensive optimization of excipients that both maintain the protein folded state during freezing and drying (i.

Association of spinal cord abnormalities with vertebral anomalies: an embryological perspective.

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between spinal cord and vertebral abnormalities from the point of view of embryology.

Methods: We analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 260 children with different types of spinal cord malformations in combination with vertebral abnormalities.

Results: Among 260 individuals, approximately 109 presented with open neural tube defects (ONTDs), 83 with split cord malformations (SCMs), and 83 with different types of spinal lipomas.

Laser Scheme for Doppler Cooling of the Hydroxyl Cation (OH).

We report on a cycling scheme for Doppler cooling of trapped OH ions using transitions between the electronic ground state Σ and the first excited triplet state Π. We have identified relevant transitions for photon cycling and repumping, have found that coupling into other electronic states is strongly suppressed, and have calculated the number of photon scatterings required to cool OH to a temperature where Raman sideband cooling can take over. In contrast to the standard approach, where molecular ions are sympathetically cooled, our scheme does not require co-trapping of another species and opens the door to the creation of pure samples of cold molecular ions with potential applications in quantum information, quantum chemistry, and astrochemistry.

Development of a bioactive tunable hyaluronic-protein bioconjugate hydrogel for tissue regenerative applications.

Every year, there are approximately 500 000 peripheral nerve injury (PNI) procedures due to trauma in the US alone. Autologous and acellular nerve grafts are among current clinical repair options; however, they are limited largely by the high costs associated with donor nerve tissue harvesting and implant processing, respectively. Therefore, there is a clinical need for an off-the-shelf nerve graft that can recapitulate the native microenvironment of the nerve.

About the Entropy of a Natural Number and a Type of the Entropy of an Ideal.

In this article, we find some properties of certain types of entropies of a natural number. We are studying a way of measuring the "disorder" of the divisors of a natural number. We compare two of the entropies and H¯ defined for a natural number.

Caring for Refugees with Mental Health Problems: Difficulties Encountered by Providers Requesting Exemptions from United States Citizenship Examinations.

Mental health providers caring for refugees should be aware that obtaining citizenship is critical to stability and safety for their patients. In the United States (U.S.

Atomic-Scale View of Protein-PEG Interactions that Redirect the Thermal Unfolding Pathway of PEGylated Human Galectin-3.

PEGylation is a promising approach to address the central challenge of applying biologics, i.e., lack of protein stability in the demanding environment of the human body.

Laser Probing of the Rotational Cooling of Molecular Ions by Electron Collisions.

We present state-selected measurements of rotational cooling and excitation rates of CH^{+} molecular ions by inelastic electron collisions. The experiments are carried out at a cryogenic storage ring, making use of a monoenergetic electron beam at matched velocity in combination with state-sensitive laser dissociation of the CH^{+} ions for simultaneous monitoring of the rotational level populations. Employing storage times of up to 600 s, we create conditions where electron-induced cooling to the J=0 ground state dominates over radiative relaxation, allowing for the experimental determination of inelastic electron collision rates to benchmark state-of-the-art theoretical calculations.

Entrepreneurship in Polymer Chemistry.

Launching a startup company is like synthesizing a new molecule. There is a starting point and a general concept for how to achieve the desired end. Known steps may be taken, but a successful synthesis is rarely the result of the original plan and relies on perseverance and creativity.

Recyclable & highly porous organo-aerogel adsorbents from biowaste for organic contaminants' removal.

Selective aerogel has become an attractive adsorbent for removing oil and organic contaminants due to its low density and excellent adsorption capacity. However, aerogels usually use non-sustainable or expensive nanomaterials and require complicated fabrication processes. Herein, using low-cost lignin reclaimed from the biorefinery waste stream as the starting material, we fabricated a highly porous, mechanically strong, and stable aerogel via a simple and one-step method under mild conditions.

Ion energy distribution in an electron beam ion trap inferred from simulations of the trapped ion cloud.

We have inferred the energy distribution of trapped ions in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) from simulations of the spatial distribution of Fe^{13+} ions and a comparison with measured visible light images of the ion cloud. We simulated the cloud of Fe^{13+} ions by computing ion trajectories in the EBIT for different ion energy distributions used to initialize the trajectories. We then performed a least-squares fit to infer the ion energy distribution that best reproduced the measured ion cloud.

Anisotropic ZnS:Cr crystal: material for compact and efficient mid-IR tunable lasers.

A laser-quality anisotropic : element was obtained using prolonged hot isostatic pressing at high temperature. Lasing centered at a wavelength of 2.45 µm was obtained with longitudinal pumping at a wavelength of 1.

Diffuse field cross-correlations: Scattering theory and electromagnetic experiments.

The passive estimation of impulse responses from ambient noise correlations arouses increasing interest in seismology, acoustics, optics, and electromagnetism. Assuming the equipartition of the noise field, the cross-correlation function measured with noninvasive receiving probes converges towards the difference of the causal and anticausal Green's functions. Here, we consider the case when the receiving field probes are antennas which are well coupled to a complex medium-a scenario of practical relevance in electromagnetism.

Treatment of spinal deformity with diastematomyelia type I: one-stage, two-stage surgery and new technique (vertebral column resection through wide bony septum).

Study Design: Case series, literature review, and technical note.

Objectives: To compare two different approaches to treat the spinal deformity with split cord malformation type I (SCM I). To present a new method of one-stage surgical treatment of congenital spinal deformity with wide bony septum (SCM I).

Glycerol-Based Dendrimer Nanocomposite Film as a Tunable pH-Sensor for Food Packaging.

Large amounts of food are wasted during the food supply chain. This loss is in part due to consumer confusion over dates on food packages that can indicate a variety of quality indicators in the product (e.g.

Final fusion in a complex of surgical treatment for early onset scoliosis.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is one of the most challenging problems of spine surgery and includes staged distraction and final fusion at the end of skeletal maturity that remains debatable.

Aim: The objective of the review is to evaluate the efficacy of final fusion following staged distraction with VEPTR instrumentation in patients with EOS.

Materials And Methods: Outcomes of multi-staged operative treatment of 37 patients with EOS of different etiology were reviewed.

Comparative Transcriptomics and RNA-Seq-Based Bulked Segregant Analysis Reveals Genomic Basis Underlying Virulence.

Breeding programs of five-needle pines have documented both major gene resistance (MGR) and quantitative disease resistance (QDR) to (Cri), a non-native, invasive fungal pathogen causing white pine blister rust (WPBR). WPBR is one of the most deadly forest diseases in North America. However, Cri virulent pathotypes have evolved and can successfully infect and kill trees carrying resistance () genes, including that overcomes MGR conferred by the western white pine (WWP, ) R gene ().

Allomelanin: A Biopolymer of Intrinsic Microporosity.

Melanin is a ubiquitous natural pigment found in a diverse array of organisms. Allomelanin is a class of nitrogen-free melanin often found in fungi. Herein, we find artificial allomelanin analogues exhibit high intrinsic microporosity and describe an approach for further increasing and tuning that porosity.

Dynamics of the isotope exchange reaction of D with H , HD, and DH.

We have measured the merged-beams rate coefficient for the titular isotope exchange reactions as a function of the relative collision energy in the range of ∼3 meV-10 eV. The results appear to scale with the number of available sites for deuteration. We have performed extensive theoretical calculations to characterize the zero-point energy corrected reaction path.

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring during Surgical Correction of Scoliosis for Postoperative Recovery of the Patient's Motor Function.

Unlabelled: was to study the effect of adverse intraoperative events on the subclinical decrease in the functional state of the sensorimotor system of patients with scoliosis and their early postoperative rehabilitation.

Materials And Methods: The results of the examination of 30 adolescents of 13-16 years old with scoliosis before and after surgical correction were compared. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was used by the method of transcranial evoked motor potentials.