[Obesity in adolescents. Results of Russian epidemiological trial].

Aim: To study prevalence of overweight and obesity among Russian 12-17 year-olds. MATERIAL AND METHODS; A total of 11977 adolescents (forms 6-11) from schools randomly selected for one-stage trial were examined. The protocol included filling in questionnaires, measurements of body mass, height, waste circumference.

[Morphological and functional changes in lymphoid organs after mud treatment].

Course application of curative mud results in changes structure and cellular composition of all the lymphoid organs studied: thymus, mesenterial and popliteal lymph nodes. These changes are mainly unidirectional and are characterized by increased reactions of humoral immunity.

[Spatial distribution of synthetic activity in zone-forming colonies of soil Streptomycetes].

The space distribution of synthetic activity in the substrate mycelium gyphs--structure growth units of a quasiorganism of the radiant fungus, was studied by the method of microspectral analysis. A detailed map of the distribution on the alpha-parameter (which reflects the level of synthetic activity) from the cross section of a living streptomyces colony was constructed. The data obtained support with a high reliability the earlier supposition that the maximum of synthetic activity is in the growth zone and the minimum synthetic activity is in the globular regions of formation of air mycelium protogyphs.

[Rhythmical sporogenesis in Streptomyces colonies. A one-dimensional model].

A one-dimensional model imitating the growth and zone formation of a colony of the radiant fungus streptomycete on a synthetic agar nutrient medium with pyruvate, glucose, or succinate as a limiting source of energy and carbon was considered. The key parameters were determined whose values depend on the composition of nutrient medium and environmental conditions.

[The reaction of endoplasmic reticulum of Mauthner cells of Xenopus laevis tadpoles in response to the partial denervation].

The structure of the Mauthner cells in Xenopus laevis tadpole was investigated by light- and electron microscopy in norm and after early unilateral enucleation. It was found that enucleation at early stages caused a delay in morphological development of the contralateral neurons during embryogenesis. We observed a decrease in size of the soma and nucleus and in the number of dendrites, a marked structural underdevelopment of the majority of cell organoids, as well as proliferation and hypertrophy of transversal cisternae in the contralateral Mauthner cells.

[Morphogenesis of Mauthner neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles following early unilateral eye enucleation].

The connection between Mauthner neuron (CMN) and visual analyzer in Xenopus laevis tadpoles was studied using these neurons capacity to change their morphogenesis during the development in case of interruption of their connections with afferent fibres. In phase 31 of development tadpoles were subjected to unilateral enucleation of eye. Morphogenesis of contralateral (experimental) and ipsilateral (control) MN with respect to the operated eye was followed up.

[The cultivation of fragments of the parotid venom-secreting gland in the common adder (Vipera berus)].

The primary culture of the Vipera berus poison-secretory parotid gland has been obtained. The morphology of the intact secretory epithelium and epithelial cells cultured in different conditions has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The secretory epithelium cells were able to survive in the cultural medium and to adapt to in vitro conditions maintaining their nearly normal ultrastructure corresponding to the stage of active poison secretion commonly observed in epithelial cells of the native gland.

[2-stage determination of rhesus classification].

A new two-staged method for identifying the rhesus appurtenance of the blood is proposed. During the first stage anti-D-super (IgM monoclonal anti-D-antibodies) are used, during the second stage rhesus appurtenance is identified in a tube using standard universal reagent for determining rhesus factor RhO(D) or it is done using gelatin test with Anti-D (IgG monoclonal anti-D-antibodies). A negative result at stage 1 and positive at stage 2 is a sign of partial antigen D, most probably of the VIth category.

[Determination of the rhesus classification of the blood].

The article describes the new two-stage method of determining of Rh-factor belonging. At the first stage tsoliclon "Anti-D-super" (monoclonic anti-D-antibody class IgM) was used. At the second stage Rh-factor belonging is determined in test-tube, using standard universal reagent for definition Rh-factor RhO (D).

[The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular synapses at different stages in the development of the embryos and tadpoles of the clawed toad].

Myoneural synapses were studied in embryos and tadpole of Xenopus laevis on different stages of development using light and electron microscopy. On embryonal stages, during hatching and on stages of tadpole myoneural synapses vary in in appearance, number of organelles and extent of formation of different synaptic specialisations. During the process of myoneural contacts forming in the development of amphibians, terminal is the first to form, followed by the Schwann cell, that covers it, and postsynaptic plication forms in the last turn.

[The structure of the reticulum of Mauthner's neurons in tadpoles of the clawed toad grown under increased gravitational force].

The ultrastructure of the Mauthner cells (M-cells) and the behaviour of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, reared from eggs under increased gravity (2.9 g) which changes the activity of an afferent vestibular input, were investigated. Besides, a study was made of tadpoles after the hindbrain ablation at earlier embryonal stages which significantly altered the microenvironment of M-cells.

[The cytoskeleton of the Mauthner neurons in the guppy after returning from an orbital flight].

The ultrastructural investigations of the Mauthner neurons (M-cells) of P. reticulata were performed on the return of the fishes after a two weeks orbital flight, the M-cells of fishes from different control groups being simultaneously examined. The structure of M-cells from the experimental fishes was shown to be severely damaged.

[Ultrastructure of the Mauthner neurons in goldfish fry after their adaptation to vestibular stimulation].

The ultrastructure of the Mauthner cells (M-cells) of goldfish fries was investigated under four different functional states: a) intact (native fishes), b) fatigue (intact fishes subjected to a prolonged vestibular stimulation), c) adapted (intact fishes after a prolonged training session of the daily short vestibular stimuli), d) excited (adapted fishes subjected to a prolonged vestibular stimulation). It has been first found that the fatigue of the M-cells may result in destructive changes of their cytoskeleton. Besides, in the afferent synapses of both adapted and excited M-cells numerous dense-cored vesicles were revealed near the active zones.

[Changes in the lipid makeup of isolated metaphase chromosomes with their proteins and DNA removed].

Metaphase chromosomes of HeLa cells were isolated by a modified method of Wray and Stubblefield. The isolated chromosomes were treated with 0.2 N HCl-Triton X-100 and DNAse I.