SLAM/SAP signaling regulates discrete γδ T cell developmental checkpoints and shapes the innate-like γδ TCR repertoire.

During thymic development, most γδ T cells acquire innate-like characteristics that are critical for their function in tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and tissue repair. The mechanisms, however, that regulate γδ T cell developmental programming remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway regulates the development and function of multiple innate-like γδ T cell subsets.

The Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Canada: species list, geographical distribution, status, and conservation ranks.

As of August 2023, 220 species in 57 genera and 10 families of damselflies and dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) are recorded for Canada. Since the publication of the first edition in 2005, 14 species have been added to the list; one,Neurocordulia obsoleta (Say) has been removed because of a misidentification and another, Sympetrum occidentale, has been to synonymy. Conservation ranks are given for species in all 13 provinces and territories.

SLAM/SAP signaling regulates discrete γδ T cell developmental checkpoints and shapes the innate-like γδ TCR repertoire.

During thymic development, most γδ T cells acquire innate-like characteristics that are critical for their function in tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and tissue repair. The mechanisms, however, that regulate γδ T cell developmental programming remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that the SLAM-SAP signaling pathway regulates the development and function of multiple innate-like γδ T cell subsets.

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) Worldwide: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aims to provide a data mapping and narrative synthesis of the available peer-reviewed scientific literature on the translation and cultural adaptation processes relative to the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) as reported by the authors. It also seeks to paint an overall portrait of the implementation of the translated and culturally adapted ASQ worldwide.

Methods: Articles published between 1995 and May 11, 2018, were identified via systematic searches of peer-reviewed literature carried out using CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Education Source, PsycINFO, and ERIC.

Effect of electrical stimulation on lipolysis of human white adipocytes.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of 30 min of electrical stimulation on the activation of lipolysis in human white adipocytes. Two stimulation protocols (S1, S2) were conducted in vitro on isolated human white adipocytes. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from female subjects undergoing abdominal adipose tissue reduction.

Intermediate chains of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M increase IL-10 production by macrophages.

Aims: To evaluate the immunosuppressive properties of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from high-EPS producer Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M on inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages.

Methods And Results: The conditioned media (CM) were produced by macrophages treated with parental Lact. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 and its isogenic variant, the high-EPS producer Lact.

Murine immunomodulation of IL-10 and IL-12 induced by new isolates from avian type 2 Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Several bacterial and immunogenic factors are involved in the host response to probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Here, we report the isolation of new intestinal lactobacilli from chicken, with different immunomodulating properties on lymphoid cells from SJL and C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of biochemical markers in the Lactobacillus acidophilus CBA4P, CBA3P, and TPA3P isolates reveal that these bacterial isolates belong to the type 2 prototype, although they differ from each other.

Effects of ingesting a high-fat diet upon exercise-training cessation on fat accretion in the liver and adipose tissue of rats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if exercise trained rats might benefit from protection against fat accumulation in response to an obesity stimulus initiated upon training cessation. Two groups of female rats were either treadmill trained for 8 weeks (DTr) or remained sedentary (Sed). They were then submitted either to a high-fat diet (HF; 42 E%) or kept on a standard diet (SD; 12.

New Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates reduce the release of leptin by murine adipocytes leading to lower interferon-gamma production.

Leptin produced by adipocytes increases Th1-dependent immunostimulation and autoimmune diseases. Lactobacilli are known to promote or suppress Th1 responses according to the isolates. We have investigated whether the sensitivity of Suriss Jim Lambert (SJL) mice to Th1-dependent immune diseases, when compared with C57BL/6 mice, may be modulated by selected lactobacilli able to decrease leptin release by adipocytes.

Declining value of preoperative autologous donation.

Background: Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) has been shown to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion requirements in major elective surgery. Changes in transfusion practice motivated an examination of blood use from 1993 to 2000 of patients participating in the Héma-Québec PABD program.

Study Design And Methods: Blood donation and transfusion, type of surgery, and demographic characteristics were prospectively entered into a computer database for patients participating in the Héma-Québec PABD program.

Seasonal and diel transitions in physiology and behavior in the migratory dark-eyed junco.

Body mass, fat stores, activities of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, and plasma corticosterone were measured throughout seasonal and diel transitions from fall through spring encompassing the non-migratory stages of early and mid winter, the prealternate molt, and the spring migratory stage in captive dark-eyed juncos to determine the physiological mechanisms underlying adaptations for migration. On a seasonal basis, lipid enzymes and corticosterone varied little throughout the stages even though the birds underwent dramatic alterations in mass, fat deposition, behavior, and activation of the reproductive axis. By contrast, diel changes were found in lipogenesis, lipolysis, muscle lipoprotein lipase, and plasma corticosterone when comparing birds in the two phases of spring migration--active flight and resting, as during times of stopover.

Impact of a cholesterol enriched diet on maternal and fetal plasma lipids and fetal deposition in pregnant rabbits.

Pregnancy is associated with a hypercholesterolemic and a hyperlipidemic state. The totality of the essential fatty acids and 50% of the lipids needed by the fetus are transferred by the placenta from the maternal circulation. The hypothesis of this study is that an augmentation of the maternal plasmatic cholesterol is modifying the fetal lipids accumulation and development during rabbit pregnancy.

The lack of bimodality in the effects of endogenous and exogenous prostaglandins on fat cell lipolysis in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate and clarify the role of prostaglandins (PG) on fat cell lipolysis in female rats. Incubations with adenosine deaminase (ADA) were used for the deamination of endogenous adenosine and increased basal (155%) and isoproterenol (10(-9) M) (348%) stimulation of glycerol release from adipocytes. Indomethacin and aspirin increased the effects of ADA while indomethacin further increased isoproterenol (with ADA) stimulation of lipolysis (p < or = 0.

Solution structure of neuropeptide tyrosine 13-36, a Y2 receptor agonist, as determined by NMR.

The three-dimensional structure of neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) 13-36, a specific Y2 receptor agonist, has been investigated by two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy in solution. Analysis of the double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQFCOSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra provided a complete assignment of the proton signals. The interproton connectivities observed in the NOESY spectra comprised 166 intraresidue and 95 interresidue distance ranges which were used as constraints for molecular modeling by distance geometry, simulated annealing and energy minimization.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor in human placental syncytiotrophoblast brush-border and basal plasma membranes.

Minerals, such as calcium and potassium, are essential for fetal development, but their transplacental transport, and in particular, the effect of hormones on this process has not been extensively studied. Human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (h alpha CGRP), a hormone constituted of 37 amino acids, is obtained by the alternative splicing of the mRNA from the calcitonin gene, and could be implicated in placental ion transport. In order to study the presence of this receptor, brush-border and basal plasma membranes were purified, and membrane binding studies were conducted using [125I]h alpha CGRP.

Tissue-specific regulation of fat cell lipolysis by NPY in 6-OHDA-treated rats.

The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), [Leu31, Pro34]NPY, and NPY (13-36) on adipocyte lipolysis have been studied in subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (parametrial) rat adipose tissues. A 48-h fasting period and chemical sympathectomy were used to evaluate the regulation of Y1 and Y2 pathways in rat adipocytes. NPY, PYY, and [Leu31, Pro34]NPY significantly inhibited fat cell lipolysis by about 25% in both tissues (p < or = 0.

In vivo indomethacin reverse exercise-induced immunosuppression in rats.

The effect of oral indomethacin on the immunosuppressive effect of exercise was examined in exercised untrained female Wistar rats immunized with sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigens. Intensity of the 1 h exercise was controlled by 0-50 kPa air pressure, generated by a compressor located at the bottom of a water tank, during continuous swimming of the rats, previously immunized with SRBC. After 48-72 h, depending on the ip (intraperitoneal) or iv (intravenous) route of SRBC immunization, the exercise suppressed humoral PFC response and augmented phagocytosis of peritoneum macrophages.

Site-specific effects of sympathectomy on the adrenergic control of lipolysis in hamster fat cells.

Regional variations in the response of adipose tissue to lipolytic stimuli have been suggested to be involved in the development of visceral adiposity-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, studies in humans and in laboratory rodents such as hamsters have shown that the response of adipocytes to catecholamines depends on their anatomical origin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative involvement of the adrenal medulla and of the sympathetic nervous system on regional differences in the adrenergic control of lipolysis in isolated adipocytes from inguinal and epididymal adipose tissues.

The effects of a selective alpha-1 adrenergic blockade on the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in female hamsters.

Lipoprotein lipase, is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols at the surface of endothelial cells. Its regulation is not completely elucidated and seems, among other things, under the influence of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenergic regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity is complex and the alpha 1 adrenergic pathway appears involved in this regulation.

Linoleic acid transport by human placental syncytiotrophoblast membranes.

The placenta syncytiotrophoblast is the site of exchange of nutrients, lipids and minerals between the mother and the fetus. In order to characterize the transport of fatty acids by the placenta, we purified bipolar syncytiotrophoblast brush border and basal plasma membranes from human placenta. These purified brush border and basal plasma membranes enriched 3-fold and 22-fold, respectively, in sodium/potassium-ATPase and 27-fold and 6-fold in alkaline phosphatase activity, compared with the placental homogenates.

Modulation of exercise-induced immunosuppression by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice.

The possible interaction between intense exercise, known to suppress the immune response, and nutritive factors, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), was examined in inbred female C57Bl/6 mice. The animals received for 8 wk either a natural ingredient diet or a diet supplemented with 10 g/100 g linseed oil containing over 50% of 18:3 (n-3) alpha-linoleic acid. Other groups received PUFA containing only traces of 18:3 (n-3) fatty acid; beef tallow, containing mostly 18:1 (n-9) saturated fat, safflower oil, an 18:2 (n-6) PUFA, and fish oil, containing longer chain (n-3) PUFA.

Calcitonin receptor in human placental syncytiotrophoblast brush border and basal plasma membranes.

The physiology of calcium transport through the placenta has not been studied thoroughly. In particular, the effect of calcaemic hormones on this process has never been reported. In this paper we questioned if calcitonin, a hypocalcaemic hormone, is also implicated in the regulation of calcium transport by one of the placental syncytiotrophoblast bipolar membranes.

Site specificity of fat cell lipolysis during pregnancy in two strains of rats.

The response to energy intake and expenditure is thought to be influenced by the genetic background. In the present study the metabolic response to pregnancy and to exercise training during pregnancy was investigated in two strains of rats. Lean Zucker and Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control pregnant (CP), exercise-trained pregnant (TRP), and not trained and not pregnant control (CNP).